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Yiddish startup brings together literature, listening parties and language circles in London
In one of the world’s earliest Yiddish comics, created by Samuel Zagat in 1912, Gimpel the Matchmaker strides ahead while glancing backwards over his shoulder. He’s moving steadily forward, but at the same time, he keeps one eye on the past.
It’s a fitting logo for Jargon, a London-based Yiddish culture organization that was founded last year, dedicated to exploring the past, present and future of the Jewish diaspora. Jargon draws on London’s rich Yiddish history – as well as the overlapping but distinct diaspora communities that have shaped the city for centuries – to imagine a future for Yiddish culture.
Historians Aleph Ross and M. Syd Rosen founded Jargon last year out of a “craving for more Jewish spaces that were platforming things that were about diaspora, that were about Yiddish, and also about more marginal, either esoteric or radical or counter-cultural Jewish characters,” Rosen told me in an interview. He said they had both long felt that these aspects of Jewish culture were “a major part of our sense of what Jewish history was in Britain,” but didn’t receive the attention they deserved in existing Jewish spaces.
Ross and Rosen began learning Yiddish together around five years ago, when Ross realized that she needed to understand Yiddish for a research project on her own great-great-grandfather, the London Yiddish writer Morris Myer. Still, the organizers see Yiddish as one of many aspects of “leaning into those threads of Jewish cultural identity that we felt have maybe gotten lost through processes of assimilation.”
The duo originally imagined Jargon as a bookshop selling Yiddish-language books alongside other Jewish literature, as well as hosting occasional events. In the year since they launched, that original vision has grown into a busy cultural program with pop-up events across London. Jargon hosts a regular shmueskrayz, or Yiddish-language conversation circle, modeled on the Berlin-based Shmues un Vayn group. At the same time, the group aims to “provide points of entry to [Yiddish] culture for different kinds of people,” including those who don’t speak Yiddish at all. With that audience in mind, Ross and Rosen also run a Yiddish-in-translation book club at a library.
“It’s explicitly about bringing attention to these works that are really cult or famous, or infamous, but [that], actually, very few people have read,” Rosen said. At book club meetings, Ross or Rosen sometimes reads a passage of the book out loud in Yiddish to give attendees a taste of the original.
For Jargon’s monthly pop-up events, the organizers often choose topics that touch on multiple different areas of interest – not just Yiddish language and culture. A recent event about the post-war Romani British poet Mark Hyatt, whose boyfriend was the Anglo-American Jewish poet Harry Fainlight, drew readers of both writers’ work as well as people broadly interested in Roma, Jewish, or queer poetry.
Rosen explains that Jargon seeks out this “slightly jumbled alternative read that we’re trying to put on our events, where they’re explicitly not the most obvious way of presenting a cultural product, and as a result they attract quite a weird and varied audience.”
Jargon’s location in London’s East End helps with that goal. Though Jargon is “semi-nomadic,” with events taking place around London, the group’s home base is at House of Annetta, a community space on Brick Lane, in the Shoreditch neighborhood of East London. Historically a center of Jewish immigrants, the neighborhood later became home to a large South Asian community and is now increasingly gentrified.
Being surrounded by multiple diaspora communities creates an opportunity to “think about the connections between these different stories,” Ross told me. In events like the Mark Hyatt talk, Jargon puts Jewish experiences in conversation with the stories of other minority groups in Britain – something the organization plans to do more explicitly in future programming.
At the same time, the area’s Jewish roots make it a fitting home for a Yiddish revival. “It’s so symbolic for people to feel like they can hear Yiddish in the East End again, even if they themselves never heard it,” Rosen said. “It’s got a heymish quality that people have a lot of fondness for.” That said, “we don’t want [the symbolism of the Yiddish language] to be the end point. We want it to be an entry point.”
During a fundraiser and listening party for the album Lider mit Palestine, a collection of new Yiddish songs protesting the war in Gaza, many audience members were encountering Yiddish music for the first time. Providing an accessible entry point to the language through music, the organizers said, made it possible to “advertis[e] Yiddish culture, but in a way that could actually appeal to people that didn’t even know such a thing existed as well.”
In the future, Ross and Rosen want to expand Jargon’s Yiddish-language book offerings. Since many Yiddish books are out of print, they try to find Yiddish literature secondhand or through donations and resell it on a pay-what-you-can basis. As well as broadening access to well-known Yiddish writers, they aim to introduce readers to more obscure works, offering a starting point for a deeper encounter with Yiddish culture. The goal, as Rosen put it, is for Jargon to be “the sort of environment where people say to themselves: ‘You know what, I’m going to read Isaac Bashevis Singer. Oh, and who’s this author that I never heard of next to him?’”
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New documentary captures the lively history of Yiddish theater in America
The new documentary Immigrant Songs: Yiddish Theater and the American Jewish Experience, produced by the Milken Archive of Jewish Music, is fast, entertaining and a good introduction to the topic.
Focusing mainly on the musical side of the story, but covering ‘straight plays’ as well, the film opens with a superb ‘warm-up act’: “Hu Tsa Tsa,” a stock Yiddish vaudeville number performed by the widely mourned Bruce Adler, who died in 2008 at age 63. Bursting with charm and talent, Adler, scion of a top Yiddish vaudeville family, demonstrates that Yiddish theater used to be pretty damned lively.
What follows is the oft-told story of the rise and decline of the American Yiddish theater, beginning with its prehistory in the Purimshpiels — the annual performances that for centuries served as the only secular entertainment in the Ashkenazic world. From there the film takes us to Yiddish theater’s 1876 birth in Romania, courtesy of Avrom Goldfadn, a.k.a. “The Father of Yiddish Theater.”
The film also describes Yiddish theater’s arrival in America, which, thanks to massive Jewish immigration, quickly became its capital. We learn of its influence on American theater’s styles of acting and set design. And the film describes the decline of its audience, due to assimilation and the immigration quotas of the 1920s.
There’s an excellent section on “The Big Four” Yiddish theater composers — Joseph Rumshinsky, Alexander Olshanetsky, Abe Ellstein, and Sholom Secunda. All in all, the documentary does a fine job of teaching the aleph-beyz, the ABCs, of the history of Yiddish theater to the uninitiated.
The most impressive aspect of Immigrant Songs is its well-crafted pace. Though there are a few snippets of vintage Yiddish cinema (Yiddish theater’s “kid brother”), most of the film consists of recent concert footage, some well-selected photographs and ephemera, and a lot of talking heads. Almost every prominent Yiddish theater historian was interviewed for it, along with several musicologists, an archivist, Yiddish actors, directors, producers, etc. (Full disclosure: I am one of them.) Director Jeff Janeczko cuts between the interviewees so smoothly — sometimes in mid-sentence — that it feels like they’re in the same room and feeding off each other’s energy. The movie just flies by.
There are a few errors. Marc Chagall is described as an important designer of Yiddish theater; actually he designed one minor production in Russia in 1921, and never did another. In a bizarre, and biblically illiterate, statement, one interviewee claims that Jews hadn’t developed a theater culture earlier because the Second Commandment’s prohibition of “graven images” forbade the construction of sets. (Actually it’s about idol worship.)
Another interviewee claims that the Yiddish play Der Yeshiva Bokher; oder, Der Yudisher Hamlet — The Yeshiva Student; or, The Jewish Hamlet (Yiddish plays then often had subtitles), is closely patterned on Shakespeare’s tragedy. In truth, the play — written by Isidore Zolotarevski, the prolific writer of shund (“trash”) melodramas — is not only awful, but is as close to Shakespeare as baked ham is to your grandmother’s kreplach.
The film’s biggest fault, however, is its short running time (45 minutes). This is a rich topic, and too much is left by the wayside in the interest of brevity. There’s nothing about what shund melodramas felt like, why they appealed to their audiences, and why they became the only thing a lot of people know about Yiddish theater.
There’s also nothing about the World War I-era wave of shtetl plays, which reflected immigrants’ homesickness without indulging in nostalgia, and provided some of Yiddish theater’s shining moments with plays like Green Fields, The Empty Inn and Tevye. And the most important play in the Yiddish canon, The Dybbuk, is never mentioned.
Perhaps most surprisingly, considering the film’s emphasis on music, there is no examination of Yiddish theater’s influence on Broadway’s music. (Cole Porter — ironically, the only gentile among the major composers of Broadway’s Golden Age — had a pronounced Jewish lilt in a number of his songs, and he actually attended Yiddish theater regularly.)
The film’s last section is about the renewed interest in Yiddish that began in the 1970s and ’80s with the klezmer revival. Much of it focuses on the 2018 Yiddish production of Fiddler on the Roof in Yiddish, whose success was predetermined the moment the production was announced.
For the overwhelming majority of American Jews, from the Orthodox to the unaffiliated, Fiddler is all they know about the lives of their ancestors. And though it’s a world-class piece of musical theater, as a work of social history Fiddler is as phony as a glass eye. Nevertheless, for American Jews it’s a sacred text.
Fiddler was a huge hit, but it was a gimmick, a one-off, whose success does very little for the future of Yiddish theater. Worse, the Yiddish — not the text, but the lines spoken by most of the actors — was often mispronounced and had the wrong intonation. (One elderly gentleman of my acquaintance, a native Yiddish speaker from Czechoslovakia, told me he didn’t understand a word the actors said, and spent the whole evening reading the English supertitles.)
What follows the Fiddler section in Immigrant Songs is mostly bromides. But the best current Yiddish theater reflects the kind of fresh thinking that keeps the form alive.
An occasional well-presented museum piece, like the Folksbiene’s 2016 revival of Rumshinsky’s operetta The Golden Bride, is a very worthwhile project (though it, too, suffered from poorly spoken Yiddish). But the most dynamic contemporary Yiddish theater is, in Jeffrey Shandler’s apt phrase, “post vernacular” — i .e., the use of Yiddish is self-conscious, a deliberate choice rather than something that’s done automatically, as it would have been a century ago when there were a lot more Yiddish speakers in the world.
An example of this is the 2017 neo-realist film Menashe, which could far more easily and conventionally have been made in English. Or a well-known piece done in Yiddish translation, like Shane Baker’s stunning Yiddish translation of Waiting for Godot, can become something much more valuable than a mere stunt. The Yiddish version, under Moshe Yassur’s straightforward direction, humanized the play, stripping it of the encrusted pretentiousness that had hidden its soul. (When it was presented in the International Samuel Beckett Festival in Ireland, multiple audience members approached the cast afterwards with the same reaction: “I don’t speak a word of Yiddish. But I’ve seen Godot five or six times, and this is the first time I understood it.”)
There’s a lot to be learned from Immigrant Songs. If you find yourself hungry for more, you couldn’t do better than to seek out YIVO’s online Yiddish theater course “Oh, Mama, I’m in Love!” But by all means, start with Immigrant Songs. It’s a very entertaining and informative appetizer.
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UK PM Starmer Says There Could Be New Powers to Ban Pro-Palestinian Marches
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer gives a media statement at Downing Street in London, Britain, April 30, 2026. Photo: REUTERS/Jack Taylor/File photo
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer said the government could ban pro-Palestinian marches in some circumstances because of the “cumulative effect” the demonstrations had on the Jewish community after two Jewish men were stabbed in London on Wednesday.
Starmer told the BBC that he would always defend freedom of expression and peaceful protest, but chants like “Globalize the Intifada” during demonstrations were “completely off limits” and those voicing them should be prosecuted.
Pro-Palestinian marches have become a regular feature in London since the October 2023 attack by Hamas on Israel that triggered the Gaza war. Critics say the demonstrations have generated hostility and become a focus for antisemitism.
Protesters have argued they are exercising their democratic right to spotlight ongoing human rights and political issues related to the situation in Gaza.
Starmer said he was not denying there were “very strong legitimate views about the Middle East, about Gaza,” but many people in the Jewish community had told him they were concerned about the repeat nature of the marches.
Asked if the tougher response should focus on chants and banners, or whether the protests should be stopped altogether, Starmer said: “I think certainly the first, and I think there are instances for the latter.”
“I think it’s time to look across the board at protests and the cumulative effect,” he said, adding that the government needed to look at what further powers it could take.
Britain raised its terrorism threat level to “severe” on Thursday amid mounting security concerns that foreign states were helping fuel violence, including against the Jewish community.
“We are seeing an elevated threat to Jewish and Israeli individuals and institutions in the UK,” the head of counter-terrorism policing, Laurence Taylor, said in a statement, adding that police were also working “against an unpredictable global situation that has consequences closer to home, including physical threats by state-linked actors.”
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War Likely to Resume After Trump’s Rejection of Latest Proposal, Says IRGC General
Iranians carry a model of a missile during a celebration following an IRGC attack on Israel, in Tehran, Iran, April 15, 2024. Photo: Majid Asgaripour/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via REUTERS
i24 News – A senior Iranian military figure said that fighting with the US was “likely” to resume after President Donald Trump stated he was dissatisfied with Tehran’s latest proposal, regime media reported on Saturday.
The comments of General Mohammad Jafar Asadi, one of the top Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) commanders, were relayed by the Fars news agency, considered as a mouthpiece of the the powerful paramilitary body.
“Evidence has shown that the Americans do not not adhere to any commitments,” Asadi was quoted as saying.
He further added that Washington’s decision-making was “primarily media-driven aimed first at preventing a drop in oil prices and second at extricating themselves from the mess they have created.”
Iranian armed forces are ready “for any new adventures or foolishness from the Americans,” he said, going to assert that the Iran war would prove for the US a tragedy comparable with what was for Israel the October 7 massacre.
“Just as our martyred Leader said that the Zionist regime will never be the same as before the Al‑Aqsa Storm operation [the name chosen by Hamas leadership for the October 7, 2023 massacre in southern Israel], the United States will also never return to what it was before its attack on Iran,” he said. “The world has understood the true nature of America, and no matter how much malice it shows now, it is no longer the America that many once feared.”