Smoke rises from a building after strikes at Syria’s defense ministry in Damascus, Syria, July 16, 2025. Photo: REUTERS/Khalil Ashawi

According to a recent article in Aish:

On November 11, 2025, Dr. Samar Maqusi, a researcher at the University College London (UCL) proudly stated that in 1838 a group of Jews kidnapped and murdered a priest in Damascus and used his blood in order to make special pancakes for their Feast of the Tabernacles (Sukkot). She added that for Jewish people the blood used in their pancakes must be from a gentile. She asserted that a group of Jews admitted to murdering this priest in order to use his blood in their food.

Her lecture was hosted by UCL’s chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) titled “The Birth of Zionism.”

The Damascus Affair of 1840 (not 1838) was an infamous blood libel that became international news and led to one of the first instances in which Jewish communities around the world worked together to demand justice for another Jewish community.

The Damascus blood libel is recognized as one of the turning points of modern Jewish history, when Jews around the world realized the importance of uniting to advocate for each other.

The Blood Libel

On February 5, 1840, Father Thomas, an Italian Friar of the Capuchin Order who lived in Damascus, disappeared with his Muslim servant Ibrahim Amara.

They were assumed murdered, possibly by businessmen with whom Thomas had had shady dealings, or by a Muslim who was infuriated by an insult to Islam that Father Thomas had uttered.

But the Jews were to bear the blame, as the Capuchin friars began spreading rumors that the Jews had murdered the two men to use their blood for Passover. This led to one of history’s most famous blood libels, the Damascus Blood Libel, better known as the Damascus Affair of 1840.

Damascus was then under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. Since the Ottoman Empire was weak, the Ottoman governor of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, primarily ruled over both Egypt and Syria as quasi-independent principalities, with just nominal subordination to the Ottoman Empire. France also retained some measure of control in Syria, as the French had maintained a presence in the region since the time of the Crusades. The Catholics of Syria, including Father Thomas, were officially under French protection.

Due to the French jurisdiction over this case, the French consul, Ulysse de Ratti-Menton, known for his anti-Jewish views, presided over the investigation.

Along with the governor-general, Sharif Pasha, he conducted a short investigation, and a barber named Shlomo Negrin, among others, was arbitrarily arrested and tortured.

They managed to extort a “confession” from Negrin that the monk had been killed in the house of David Harari by seven Jews. The men whom he named were arrested and tortured. Two of the detained men died, one converted to Islam to be spared, and the statements made under torture by the others were considered adequate as an admission of guilt.

Bones that were discovered in a sewer were “identified” as those of the monk and buried in a funeral on March 2nd, which increased the anger against the Jews. The inscription on the monk’s tombstone stated that this was the grave of a saint tortured by the Jews.

After the “funeral,” attacks began against the Jews, and Sharif Pasha had to move hundreds of soldiers to protect the Jewish quarter.

The focus of the “investigation” was now on the servant, Ibrahim Amara. More torture extracted the “confession” that he had been murdered by Jews, among them members of the prominent Farhi and Picciotto families, and the authorities sought to arrest them.

Knowing the torture that they would be subjected to, some of the accused tried to hide or escape. Rabbi Yaakov Antebi, accused of having received a bottle of the blood of Thomas, was arrested and tortured, yet he held strong under the torture and would not confess to anything.

More bones were found, and the investigators claimed they were the remains of Ibrahim Amara. However, the physician in Damascus, Dr. Lograso, did not believe they were human bones and, considering the pressure on him, requested that the bones be sent to Europe for examination. Ratti-Menton refused and instead announced that based on the confessions of the accused and the remains found of the victims, the guilt of the Jews in the double murder was proven beyond a doubt.

One of the Jews who was arrested during the second round of accusations was Isaac Levi Picciotto, an Austrian citizen and thus under the protection of the Austrian consul. Initially, he was also subject to torture, but on March 8th, there was a sudden turnabout.

The Austrian vice-consul, Caspar Giovanni Merlato, a personal friend of Picciotto, demanded that Picciotto be returned to Austrian jurisdiction and that the investigation be carried out at the Austrian consulate.

With Merlato’s involvement, things changed dramatically. Picciotto proved he was in a different place the evening of the murder, and a Christian corroborated this. Picciotto now moved from the defensive to the offensive and began accusing officials of instigating this blood libel, carrying out investigations under torture, and openly accusing Ratti-Menton of murder.

He demanded that the Austrian authorities carry out the investigation. As torture methods were seen as unjust, cruel, and backward by Western countries, his accusations put Ratti-Menton and his aides on the defensive.

The Blood Libel Spreads

The predictable result of the accusations was that the Jews of Damascus and other parts of Syria began to suffer from antisemitic mobs. Synagogues were destroyed and looted, cemeteries were desecrated, and Jews were attacked all over the country.

News of the atrocities spread throughout the Jewish world, causing waves of shock and anger at what was going on in Syria.

The first Jewish attempt to intervene in the tragic situation came via a petition initiated by Israel Bak addressed to Muhammad Ali, as he was the governor of Syria. At the same time, the Austrian Consul General in Egypt, Anton Laurin, received a report from the Austrian consul in Damascus. Recognizing the tremendous injustice, Laurin became very involved in the case, and he began by using his influence to petition Muhammad Ali to stop the torture methods used by the investigators.

Muhammad Ali agreed, and instructions were issued accordingly to Damascus by express courier. As a result, the use of torture came to an end on April 25, 1840, which caused a new round of riots in Damascus.

The accusation of murder and blood libel remained, and the investigation against the Jews continued, albeit without torture. Now, Austrian Consul General Laurin attempted to influence the French Consul General in Egypt to order his subordinate, Ratti-Menton, to stop the libel, but this effort was unsuccessful.

At this point, Laurin went against all procedures and decided to send the information he received from Damascus to Baron James de Rothschild, the honorary Austrian consul in Paris.

Baron Rothschild appealed to the French government to stop the injustice, but when his appeals were ignored, he chose to turn to the media and publish the report in newspapers worldwide, creating public pressure to halt this travesty of justice.

His brother in Vienna, Solomon Rothschild, worked alongside him and used his influence to speak to Chancellor Klemens von Metternich about the situation. Metternich ultimately supported his consul, Laurin, since the negative publicity for France, archenemy of the Austro-Hungarian empire, was to his benefit. The British also chose to support the Jews in fighting the libel, and the British Consul General of England in Egypt expressed those policies.

As a result of the advocacy, a message was sent to Damascus on May 3, 1840, ordering protection for the Jews from the violence of Muslim and Christian mobs.

Rabbi Menachem Levine is the CEO of JDBY-YTT, the largest Jewish school in the Midwest. He served as Rabbi of Congregation Am Echad in San Jose, CA from 2007 – 2020. He is a popular speaker and has written for numerous publications. Rabbi Levine’s personal website is https://thinktorah.org. A version of this article was first published at: https://aish.com/the-damascus-affair/

An Israeli police officer investigates a crater at the site of a missile attack, launched from Yemen, near Ben Gurion Airport, in Tel Aviv, Israel May 4, 2025. Photo: REUTERS/Avshalom Sassoni

Israel is an unusual place, where we balance war and daily life on a constant basis. So today, I’m taking a moment away from deep analysis, and instead sharing something a bit more personal — my weird/normal life as an Israeli.

In addition to my work at RealityCheck, I also teach as an Adjunct Professor at Reichman University (formerly the “IDC”) in Herzliya, Israel. I absolutely love my students — who are enthusiastic, intelligent, and in many cases, actively risking their lives to protect mine.

Last week, a student came to class in uniform — not מדי א׳ , which is the dress uniform that soldiers typically wear when traveling home for the weekend, but מדי ב׳, which is the full combat uniform. I asked if he was in מילואים (reserves) and he said yes, that he’s serving in Syria right now.

Only later I realized that when he said “right now,” he meant RIGHT now: his commander had given him a special pass to come to class for a few hours, after which he was leaving my classroom and returning straight to Syria. I don’t know what’s more impressive — that my students are out there protecting our safety, or that when they have a moment away from combat, their first priority is to come to class.

This is Israel. These are Israelis.

Though it’s not strictly speaking a part of my course, students ask about the legal status of Israel at The Hague so often that I prepared several slides on the topic. Once, a student asked whether she should expect that her boyfriend (a combat soldier) would get arrested on their upcoming trip to Europe. Fortunately, I had the knowledge to explain that topic, and to recommend certain precautionary measures, which gave her a degree of comfort. Sadly, those same precautionary measures may soon be relevant in New York City.

I sometimes enjoy sitting on my balcony, eating dinner, and watching passenger planes fly across the Mediterranean into Israel on their standard flight path toward Ben Gurion International Airport. Yet the other evening, I noticed something unusual: several aircraft turned away from the Tel Aviv shore at the last moment, and took strange detours. Minutes later I saw (and mostly heard) several fighter jets heading northward, intersecting the commercial flightpath.

Perhaps air traffic control needed to clear the skies for the fighter jets? I may never know for certain, but the next morning, I read about an unusually large IDF operation in Lebanon, across Israel’s northern border.

Other days, I see helicopters heading south, most likely to Gaza. But on one special day, October 13, 2025, I saw the very helicopters that were bringing the hostages back home. All this, right from my window.

These small but striking experiences serve as a constant reminder that we are not really at peace.

For the moment we aren’t dodging rockets, running to bomb shelters, or watching the ominous orange glow of Iranian missiles as they heat up upon re-entry to the Earth’s atmosphere — on their way to strike our cities and communities. Yet Israel is very much still at war on multiple fronts: we see and feel it every day, in the most unusual and ordinary ways.

Daniel Pomerantz is the CEO of RealityCheck, an organization dedicated to deepening public conversation through robust research studies and public speaking.

Dr. Sawsan Kheir, center, speaking at the Jewish Federations of North America’s 2025 General Assembly in Washington, DC, on Nov. 17. Photo: Provided

An Arab Druze scholar and religious minority studies expert at the University of Haifa told The Algemeiner that efforts to boycott Israel – whether it be cultural, academic, or economic – impact minorities in the country the most by “silencing” their voices and blocking them from advancing in all fields.

“Sadly, and ironically, the boycotts and those who promote them declare that they are there to protect minorities, but actually they affect us the most and hurt us the most,” said Dr. Sawsan Kheir. “I guarantee you that many, many people who call for these boycotts and support them don’t know anything about the reality in Israel.”

“As an equal rights citizen in the state of Israel and as a minority, to whom education is the most important, for me to promote myself and do my work as an academic, I need to publish papers, for instance,” she explained. “Boycotts call for not publishing my papers; for not accepting me at conferences. And so instead of supporting me as a minority, they are actually silencing me through these boycotts … you are hindering us from promoting ourselves and making our voices be heard.”

Kheir was born and raised in the small Druze village of Peki’in, in northern Israel. She never encountered people from other cultures until she attended the University of Haifa, she told The Algemeiner. She completed her undergraduate and graduate studies in psychology at the university, earning both her bachelor’s and master’s degrees. The scholar has been a part of the school, first as a student and now as a staff member, since the age of 18, and called it her “home” several times while speaking with The Algemeiner.

Kheir is now a teaching fellow in the University of Haifa‘s Department of Multidisciplinary Studies and leads a research team at the Haifa Laboratory for Religious Studies that examines the intersection of religion and gender within the Druze community.

The Druze, an Arab minority who practice a religion originally derived from Islam, live in Israel, Syria, and Lebanon. In Israel, many serve in the military and police, including during the war in Gaza.

At the University of Haifa, more than 40 percent of the student body are from minority communities, including Arabs, Druze, Baha’i, Muslims, and Bedouins. The school has been described as Israel’s most culturally diverse university.

Kheir said it has been “heartwarming” to see the university promote so many cultures and be welcoming to minority students. She spoke to The Algemeiner after leading a session at the Jewish Federations of North America’s 2025 General Assembly in Washington, DC, where on Nov. 17 she discussed in part the importance of maintaining strong relations between the state of Israel and its Druze community.

Supporters of the boycott, divestment, and sanctions movement, which seeks to isolate Israel on the international stage as a step toward its eventual elimination, have been targeting the country for many years, but their efforts intensified following the deadly Hamas-led terrorist attack in southern Israel on Oct. 7, 2023. Since then, there have been non-stop calls to boycott Israel or Israel-affiliated institutions in practically every field, including sports, film, music, academia, and economics. Kheir said these boycott efforts are counterproductive and simply promote “hatred.”

“Instead of promoting inclusion, they are actually hurting me [and minorities] the most,” she noted. “They are silencing the voice of minorities the most because we want to also promote ourselves, pursue our dreams. I’m speaking for myself as an academic, but this also reflects the state of all my colleagues. You are silencing our voices. You are not promoting anything beyond hatred and specifically I think those who promote these boycotts don’t know what our campuses, specifically in academia, look like.”

“For me, as a minority coming from a conservative culture; as an Arab Druze scholar specifically, I have so many boundaries already, most of them are cultural,” added Kheir, who argued anti-Israel boycott efforts just make the lives of minorities more difficult. “They are promoting the very opposite of what they claim to promote, and that is protecting minorities. It doesn’t promote inclusion. It actually promotes exclusion.”

Kheir said her colleagues at the University of Haifa express similar sentiments. She even shared a story about a colleague who could not attend a conference because of her ties to Israel. Luckily, Kheir said, the school has an office that faculty members can turn to for assistance when they encounter boycotts, and the university has advocated for its staff in the past against these bans.

The scholar also said claims that Israel is an apartheid state are sheer “nonsense,” especially considering the multiculturalism seen at the University of Haifa. She explained that in fact, the state of Israel and the University of Haifa both “promote togetherness.”

“Come to Israel and see what Israel is about. Come to the University of Haifa specifically,” she said. “Come to our multicultural campus. Give me proof of any apartheid. The university promotes every single voice as long as you raise your voice with respect for others’ feelings and thoughts.”

In July, Israel launched massive airstrikes against Syrian regime and military targets in Damascus after Syria’s government forces reportedly joined Bedouin fighters in attacking and killing Druze communities in the south of the country. Israel also provided medical and humanitarian aid to the Druze community in Syria, and a ceasefire was reached on July 19.

During her speech at the Jewish Federations of North America’s 2025 General Assembly, Kheir discussed a upcoming program at the University of Haifa, in collaboration with the Jewish United Fund, that will support Druze soldiers in Israel finishing their mandatory military service by providing them with housing and other means for five months so they can further their academic education and pursue a degree at the university.