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Unique Carnegie Hall concert to honor Japanese diplomat Sugihara, who saved 6,000 Jews
For most of his life, Chiune Sugihara received little recognition for the dramatic actions he undertook as Japanese vice-consul to Lithuania on the eve of World War II: the rescue of some 6,000 Jews from Poland and elsewhere from the Nazi death machine.
For decades, the Jewish world remained largely ignorant of his heroism. When, in 1985, Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center located in Israel, honored the unassuming retired diplomat as a Righteous Among the Nations, Sugihara was too old and sick to travel to Jerusalem to accept the award. He died shortly after.
But his renown has grown in the years since his death, and now Sugihara is being celebrated in a new way with an extraordinary piece of music composed to commemorate his heroic actions.
On April 19 at Carnegie Hall, Japanese-American-Israeli cellist Kristina Reiko Cooper will perform this original piece of music â Lera Auerbachâs Symphony No. 6, âVessels of Lightâ â accompanied by the New York City Opera Orchestra conducted by Constantine Orbelian.
The gala concert, organized by Yad Vashem and the American Society for Yad Vashem, which commissioned the piece, will pay tribute to Sugiharaâs legacy.
Along with the honorary Dutch consul in Lithuania, Jan Zwartendijk, Sugihara issued life-saving visas to the Jews trying to escape Europe through a complex, illegal scheme involving fake transit visas via Japan to the Dutch-speaking Caribbean island of Curaçao.
Not a single Jew actually traveled to that faraway island off the coast of Venezuela, home to the oldest surviving synagogue in the Americas. But the operation â carried out under the noses of Lithuaniaâs Nazi occupiers â enabled thousands of Jews to resettle in Shanghai, leading to eventual freedom.
âBeing half-Japanese myself, I understand the culture, and I know as a Japanese person that opposing authority goes against every fiber of our being,â Cooper, the cellist, said this month in an interview near her home in Tel Aviv. Born in New York to a mother of Japanese descent, Cooper later converted to Judaism and moved to Israel. She and her husband, Leonard Rosen, are
raising their three children as Orthodox Jews.
âEverybodyâs heard of Schindler, who had a factory. But Sugihara had nothing to gain from this. In fact, he had everything to lose,â said Cooper, a visiting professor of music at Tel Aviv University. âHe didnât want recognition and never spoke to anybody about it. He didnât even know that he had saved anybody until the very end of his life.â
Cooper, who studied at Julliard and comes from a long line of musicians â her father is a pianist and her mother a violinist and former concertmaster of the American Symphony â has a special personal connection to the Sugihara story.
Her husbandâs father, Irving Rosen, was one of the Jews whose lives was saved by Sugiharaâs actions. Armed with papers enabling Rosenâs family to leave Lithuania and emigrate to Curaçao via Japan, the entire family traveled via the Trans-Siberian Railway from Vilnius to Moscow to Vladivostok, then by sea to Japan â and eventually Shanghai.
âI became obsessed with this story and wanted people to know about it, especially given everything thatâs going on in the world with the rise of authoritarian governments, mass dislocations, refugees, wars, rising antisemitism and anti-Asian hate,â Cooper said. âIâm not a writer, a filmmaker or an actress. Iâm a musician. People had asked me, âWhy not put together a nice concert in tribute to Sugihara?â But I wanted to write something that could last forever.â
Japanese diplomat Chiune Sugihara saved thousands of Jews during the Holocaust. (Courtesy of Yad Vashem)
With the backing of Yad Vashem and the American Society for Yad Vashem, Cooper asked Auerbach to write the piece, a 40-minute composition for solo cello, choir and orchestra involving 130 performers, including Yiddish âwhisperers,â allusions to Psalm 121 and an introductory piece by Japanese composer Karen Tanaka titled âGuardian Angel.â
At Carnegie Hall, Cooper, who plays on an Italian-made Guadagnini cello from 1743, will perform Auerbachâs moving, large-scale symphonic work as a soloist. Sheâll also perform in Prague on March 27, Los Angeles on May 18, in Californiaâs Napa Valley on July 18 and in Warsaw on October 8.
âMost people do not pay attention to history, because theyâre so wedded to current events,â said the Carnegie Hall eventâs co-chair, Peter Till, a board member of the American Society for Yad Vashem. âBut this is even more relevant today because of the rise of extremist hate groups. Theyâll forever deny that it exists, or ignore it, or say it couldnât happen here, but hate continues
to repeat itself and people have to face up to it.â
The Sugihara story is especially compelling, Till said, because itâs the first event of its kind that links Holocaust survivors with Asia in general â and Japan in particular.
âThis is as much about the music as it is an expression of humanity, of people from diverse cultural backgrounds coming together to save lives,â he said. âFor Yad Vashem, this is a very important event because it shows the depth of understanding.â
Of the roughly 28,000 non-Jews whoâve been designated by Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations, only 40 were diplomats. Sugihara is the only Japanese citizen so honored.
âOn the whole, the eligibility process for diplomats is slightly different than for ordinary rescuers, because they had immunity,â said Joel Zisenwein, director of Yad Vashemâs Righteous Among the Nations Department. âIn most cases, they were not at physical risk. But many of them had defied the guidelines and official policies of their foreign offices. Sugihara is even more interesting because he represented an ally of Nazi Germany.â
Zisenwein said Sugihara provided between 2,100 and 3,500 transit visas, though the exact number is not known.
âLiterally, all rescuers from the Holocaust era have passed away, so people accepting the award are generally descendants or even grandchildren of the recipients,â Zisenwein said. âItâs interesting that Sugihara received his award for actions prior to the German invasion of Lithuania. Most of the Jews he rescued were Polish refugees who had fled there in 1939. Many countries claim to have their own âSchindlers.â But here indeed was an individual who saved thousands of Jewish lives.â
Japanese-American-Israeli cellist Kristina Reiko Cooper has a special personal connection to the Sugihara story. (Vardi Kahana)
The eveningâs master of ceremonies will be Zalman Mlotek, who is also artistic director of the National Yiddish Theatre Folksbiene. Tickets and sponsorships are still available for the event.
âItâs not just the people Sugihara saved. Itâs the worlds of those thousands of people,â said Mlotek, whose father, Joseph Mlotek, was a 21-year-old Yiddish poet working at a newspaper in Warsaw when World War II broke out. After fleeing to Lithuania, the family heard about Sugihara and was able to obtain transit visas to Shanghai, where the elder Mlotek and his brother Abram spent the war years.
âMy father became a Yiddish activist here in New York and set up a network of 200 Yiddish schools all over the country. He published books with my mother and did concert tours for Yiddish musicians,â said Mlotek, 71. âI look at myself today, as artistic director of the Yiddish theater for 20 years, carrying on this same legacy that would have been decimated had it not been for the heroism of Sugihara.â
Auerbachâs composition had its world premiere last November in the Lithuanian city of Kaunas (known in Yiddish as Kovno), where Sugiharaâs story took place. Additional performances are scheduled for cities around the world through 2024.
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The post Unique Carnegie Hall concert to honor Japanese diplomat Sugihara, who saved 6,000 Jews appeared first on Jewish Telegraphic Agency.
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Roy Lichtenstein was far more than just a copyist, Roy Lichtenstein was far more than just a copyist
Itâs easy to understand why the new Roy Lichtenstein exhibit at the Whitney Museum foregrounds the issue of copying, even to the extent of embracing it. Lichtenstein was â as his âImage Duplicatorâ from 1963 (included prominently here) shows â a constant and avowed copier. Thatâs by no means all he did, but he was famous for taking comic book art and making it epic. The issue was publicly and recently revisited by James L. Hussey and Jesse Finley Reed in their 2023 documentary Whaam! Blam! Roy Lichtenstein and the Art of Appropriation, in which researcher David Barsalou found hundreds of images which Lichtenstein used as source material.
Just for the sake of an in-your-face example of duplication, the Whitney owns the study for his massive 1964 Worldâs Fair mural âGirl in Window.â In addition to displaying that image in the exhibition gallery, the museum has mounted a spectacular replica of it on the outside of the building that is almost twice the size of the original. The 32-foot reproduction demonstrates the radical difference in scale between a comic panel and the monumental installation. It also has the effect of encouraging tourists on the High Line to visit âRoy Lichtenstein: Like New.â

The copying doesnât stop there, it goes on and on. The most striking of the several works in the exhibition that were inspired by Lichtensteinâs practice comes from artist Alex Da Corte (also one of the curators). His large outside artwork âHot Dog With Ketchupâ traces directly back to Lichtensteinâs much smaller 1964 âHot Dog.â Though the other work is smaller and located inside, Da Corteâs benefits from size, color, condiment, and location â his work sits opposite the hot dog vendors that cater to Whitney visitors and High Line walkers.
What the Whitney doesnât mention, in its consideration of Lichtensteinâs art in the era of AI appropriation and TikTok culture, is that the mid-20th century was a time when people were already worried about copies. Jews and antisemites especially were extremely concerned with what it meant to take one thing and reproduce it. The question of mass production, reproduction and art had reached America as early as in 1917, when Marcel Duchamp took a mass-produced urinal and submitted it upside-down for a show in New York as âFountain.â

That was already about a decade after the antisemitic Austrian politician Hermann Bielohlawek â a member of the Vienna City Council and ally of the Nazi-forerunner Karl Lueger â said âCulture is what a Jew copies from another.â (âKultur ist was ein Judâ von anderen abschreibt,â as quoted in David Nirenbergâs Anti-Judaism: The Western Tradition.) Once the slow trickle of emancipation legislation acknowledged that Jews should have the same rights as other citizens and were legally part of the European body politic, racist cultural arbiters were invested in disallowing them from European culture as an ersatz people just copying ârealâ Europeans.
So, yes, Lichtenstein owes a lot of his understanding of perception and practice to his professor Hoyt L. Sherman and the Flash Lab at Ohio State University, but the idea of aping and shaping culture from ready-made images is a larger topic. Perhaps too, it was a topic for which America â not immured in canonical European Christian art â had a specific role to play. When I arrived in the country late in the last millennium I was amazed that cooking recipes listed ready-made ingredients like cans of mushroom soup. But maybe thereâs a liberation in that.
By Duchampâs time, culture had crashed through the walls of decorum, but in the generations between him and Lichtenstein, technology had also moved on. While Lichtenstein was at grade school on 89th Street on the Upper West Side, Walter Benjamin was writing his prescient, seminal 1935 essay âThe Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproducibility,â which discusses, among other things, how contemporary image reproduction undermines the almost religious nature of art: Viewing a postcard of the Mona Lisa is not the same as experiencing it in person.

By taking ready-made images of everyday life from tins, comics, or â in one particularly heavy-handed instance â from Erle Loranâs book Cezanneâs Composition and pulling them back into the realm of art, Lichtenstein was joining an established conversation in parallel with the other preeminent Pop Artist, Andy Warhol. But, unless you are on the 7th floor where the museum is displaying Family Album, a small Warhol show, donât mention that other âWâ word at the Whitney this fall: The museum has gone big for this show. âLike Newâ is the first New York Lichtenstein retrospective it over 30 years, it is his centenary show (though three years late because of COVID), and Roy is the hometown hero, so gentrified downtown is all âLâ all the time.
The closest the exhibition comes to including Warhol is displaying âLaughing Cat,â a 1961 painting that Lichtenstein included in a trade (with other art) for portrait commissions from his Pittsburgh peer in 1975. Little seen in the past 50 years, Lichtensteinâs âLaughing Catâ sits next to âEngagement Ring: just as it did in his breakthrough 1962 show at the Leo Castelli Gallery. At the press presentation, curators Da Corte and Meg Onli expressed their appropriate pride at recreating that show in a room inset into the spacious Whitney galleries.
Itâs both breathtaking to be taken back to 1962 and also retro fun. Though itâs an actual reproduction of the gallery, the reproduced studio is radically different from the original, not just because itâs 64 years on and this time the setting is a museum, rather than a for-profit art gallery. But also, relatedly, because these pieces of art are not new but proven, even iconic. Itâs worth comparing the Castelli Gallery to The Cavern where â at almost the same time as that show â four young Liverpudlians were working out the kinks in âLove Me Do,â one of their first songs fashioned from the chords of the American rock and R&B covers they loved.

Is any of this âLike Newâ as the title of the exhibition would have it? Certainly not in the sense that nothing in seeing this massive and beautifully spaced retrospective is like seeing the work as it was freshly made. Even the inclusion of four just-painted life-size murals, beginning with the bright, audacious Greene Street mural as you enter the exhibit does not make it âlike new.â
However, the title works in the intended sense that Lichtenstein made existing things seem âlike new.â He took ready-made images and techniques from the market and the culture around him and â to use the word coined by Viktor Shklovsky in the decade before Lichtensteinâs birth â âdefamiliarizedâ them. So, in the sense that both Lichtenstein and the curators are presenting common, everyday, iconic things in an unfamiliar or strange way â yes.
The issue of copying is, to my mind, relatively trivial. AI has effectively stolen all the words and images that have ever been made without any compensation for the creators while using those words and images in exactly the same way that the creators intended them. Lichtenstein transformed the work he found.
In its review of Hussey and Reedâs film, the Guardian quoted Michael Daley, a cartoonist, talking about the feelings of those artists whose images Lichtenstein used: âComic book artists are rightly aggrieved. Aside from outright plagiarisms, technically and artistically, they are generally far better draughtsmen than Lichtenstein.â But the review goes on to cite the authoritative answer of Bradford R Collins, author of Pop Art and professor of art history at the University of South Carolina. He defended Lichtenstein: âItâs not plagiarism. Itâs appropriation,â he wrote. âWith plagiarism, youâre stealing somebodyâs work and using it for the same purpose they did. If Lichtenstein made comic books out of it, that would be stealing. But appropriation means youâre taking something and reusing it for a very different purpose, taking something out of a comic book and making it into a paintingâŠ.I can understand why [Hy] Eisman [another cartoonist] would feel angry. I would feel the same way. But artistically, itâs not plagiarism.â

Whatâs perhaps more interesting about this is what came out of the experiment? What is of worth and what is of value? By taking us from the source material to an incredible array of Lichtensteinâs art, to art that uses Lichtenstein himself as a starting point, the curators give us space to ask those questions. They have seriously and playfully recreated the Castelli gallery, presented an Artistâs Studio (riffing off Lichtensteinâs series of the same name, itself an homage to Henri Matisseâs lâAtelier Rouge), dedicated an entire room to Lichtensteinâs only movie (Three Landscapes), an oval space to his Mirror series, and a large wall to his Rouen cathedral series that made Claude Monet pop in many senses of the term. They have stunningly displayed âSunriseâ (1965) in front of a vast window where the sun sets into the Hudson.
For my part, I donât particularly consider Lichtenstein one of the true Greats. And, not least because of its tendency to drift into the spectacular or decorative, Pop Art often seems to lack substance. But thatâs a matter of taste. I thoroughly enjoyed my 90 minutes at âLike Newâ and, for the next seven months at least, canât imagine a better place to go and argue about the significance of 20th century art.
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They want Jewish life without Zionism. Now theyâre building the institutions to match.
(JTA) â One year after Jewish Currents editor-at-large Arielle Angel called for ânew Jewish institutionsâ that have no attachment to Israel or Zionism, more than 100 Jews crammed into a Victorian house-turned-event space in central Brooklyn in hopes of creating them.
The event was billed as a bootcamp for people hoping to get fledgling Jewish groups off the ground. Sessions focused on topics like staffing and funding, as well as discussions about who, exactly, is welcome in a space that is âanti-Zionist,â ânon-Zionist,â âdiasporistâ and the like.
Many of the groups represented on Monday were minyans, which host prayer services in locations like peopleâs apartments or community spaces. They sought practical guidance for building their institutions, but also for defining who to welcome as their ranks expand.
âIf weâre doing things right,â Angel said, âmany of these small minyans will be synagogues in a few years.â
Esti, 27, who declined to share her last name to maintain privacy, is involved in leading an anti-Zionist minyan in Brooklyn. She said she has heard from âso manyâ attendees that they were relieved to attend services in a space without an Israeli flag.
âPeople are like, âI never thought I could be in a Jewish space like this, I never thought Iâd see queer people leading, I never thought I could be in a Jewish space where theyâre saying Free Palestine,ââ she said. The minyan averages about 50 attendees at Shabbat services, she said.
Some of the speakers at the workshop detailed how they have refused to compromise their organizationsâ politics. One panel led by Rabbi Brant Rosen, who helped found the anti-Zionist synagogue Tzedek Chicago, and Rebecca Vilkomerson, the former director of the anti-Zionist group, Jewish Voice for Peace, focused on the process of setting an organizationâs âpolitical boundaries.â
Rosen spoke from his own experience, saying that Tzedek Chicago was presented as âconsciously not an inclusive community.â
âIn other words, this is what we stand for, it might not be for you, it might not be for everyone, and thatâs OK. There are many places out there that you can choose,â he said. Rosen added that potential members were not forced to agree in order to join, but rather that they were faced with the question: âGiven that these are our values, is this a community you want to belong to?â
Esti spoke to the Jewish Telegraphic Agency on the sideline of the Urbane Arts Club event, which JTA attended on the condition that attendeesâ in-session remarks throughout the day were kept off the record, though panelistsâ remarks were all on the record.
Americansâ support for Israel has dropped writ large amid its military campaign in Gaza and the war with Iran. A survey by the Jewish Federations of North America found that 37% of Jewish respondents said they identified as Zionist, while 7% labeled themselves anti-Zionist and another 8% said they were non-Zionist. Another 18% said they werenât sure, while 30% said none of the labels described them.
According to an AP-NORC poll from earlier this year, support for Israel is a less significant component of younger Jewsâ religious identity versus Jews older than 45.
âThese groups are starting up because of demand,â Rabbi Alissa Wise told JTA.
Wise is a co-founder of the Jewish Diaspora Movement, the group behind Mondayâs bootcamp, which is itself in its beginning stages. She has previously worked for JVPe and in October 2023 founded Rabbis for Ceasefire, which has protested for a Gaza ceasefire and an end to U.S. military aid to Israel.
While JVP âplayed a pivotal role in building Jewish life outside of Zionism,â Wise said there was still a major gap in religious and cultural Jewish institutions that reject Zionism.
In addition to the represented minyans, which facilitate prayer services, and the havurahs, which offer events such as Shabbat dinners and other holiday celebrations, Angel said some attendees were looking to start projects including summer camps, educational offerings and cultural projects such as theater collectives.
Jen Kaminsky, an attendee who is part of the Buffalo Jewish Collectiveâs leadership team, told JTA that her organization welcomes âa range of Jews, many of whom have not felt comfortable in legacy Jewish institutions.â
âWe say that we welcome anti-Zionists and non-Zionists, and people who are questioning Zionism and people who have a range of relationships to Zionism,â Kaminsky said. âIf you are comfortable with the values that we put out, or youâre comfortable being in a room where those values are the dominant values, we welcome you.â
Vilkomerson told the group that there should be an attempt to grow membership by engaging people closer to the center in âleft-liberal coalitions,â but without making concessions on left-wing values. She put the concept into New York City political terms, pointing to the political alliance between the anti-Zionist Mayor Zohran Mamdani and the liberal Zionist Brad Lander.
âBrad, as a liberal Zionist, was able to partner with Zohran Mamdani â but Zohran set the terms of the campaign, not Brad,â she said.
Also on Monday, Lissy Romanow â a co-founder of the group IfNotNow, which describes itself as âanti-occupationâ â gave a nuts-and-bolts session on the first steps of creating an organization, including how to concisely conceive of a groupâs DNA and how to avoid burnout among volunteers.
As groups look to grow and achieve loftier goals like setting up permanent locations and hiring paid staff, one clear obstacle stands in the way: funding.
âThereâs only so much money on the Jewish left,â Angel told JTA.
Any anti-Zionist group is highly unlikely to receive funds from one of the countryâs many Jewish federations, which often maintain deep ties to Israel.
Three left-wing Jewish donors â Liana Krupp, Deborah Sagner and Kathleen Peratis â spoke on Monday about the limited landscape of funding for Jewish anti-Zionist organizations.
âIf we donât flip liberal Zionists weâre not going to grow, because thatâs where the money is,â Peratis said.
Participants on Monday, whose groups are mostly volunteer-run, did not have any illusions about that landscape.
âFor now, the goal is to keep doing Shabbat in a sustainable way on a regular basis,â Esti said. But she also shared her long-term vision.
âI think it would be amazing to have a brick-and-mortar shul, a place we could call our definitive home,â she said. âBut thatâs way, way far down the line.â
This article originally appeared on JTA.org.
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