Australia’s intelligence agency traced the funding of hooded criminals who allegedly set fire to a Melbourne synagogue, linking the antisemitic attack to Iran, officials said, even as those charged with the crime were likely unaware Tehran was their puppet master.

A 20-year-old local man, Younes Ali Younes, appeared in Melbourne’s Magistrates Court on Wednesday charged with the Dec. 6 arson attack on the Adass Israel synagogue and theft of a car. He did not enter a plea and did not seek bail. His lawyer declined to comment to Reuters.

A day earlier Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said Australia’s intelligence agencies had shown the attack, and another in Sydney last year, were directed by the Iranian government, and expelled Tehran’s ambassador, becoming the latest Western government to accuse Iran of carrying out hostile covert activities on its soil.

Security services in Britain and Sweden warned last year that Tehran was using criminal proxies to carry out its violent attacks in those countries, with London saying it had disrupted 20 Iran–linked plots since 2022. A dozen other countries have condemned what they called a surge in assassination, kidnapping, and harassment plots by Iranian intelligence services.

Australia’s spy chief Mike Burgess said a series of “cut outs,” an intelligence term for intermediaries, were used to conceal Iran‘s involvement in the attacks, and warned that it may have orchestrated others.

Security forces “have done rather extraordinary work to trace the source of the funding of these criminal elements who’ve been used as tools of the Iranian regime,” Albanese told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation on Tuesday.

The investigation worked backwards through payments made onshore and offshore to “petty and sometimes not so petty criminals,” he said in parliament on Wednesday.

Albanese was briefed by the Australian Security Intelligence Organization on Monday on evidence of a “supply chain” that he said linked the attacks to offshore individuals and Tehran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Australia’s diplomats in Iran were discreetly told to leave, making it out of Iranian airspace just after midnight, he said.

A public announcement, with Albanese flanked by his spy chief and foreign and home affairs ministers, came on Tuesday, prompting accolades from Israel.

Iran‘s Foreign Ministry said it “absolutely rejected” Australia’s accusation.

The turning point in the investigation came weeks earlier, as Australian Federal Police and the Australian Security Intelligence Organization (ASIO) seized mobile phones and digital devices from suspects arrested in Victoria state over the synagogue attack – and highlighted a stolen blue Volkswagen Golf sedan used in unrelated attacks.

CCTV footage of the night of Dec. 6 released by police shows three hooded figures unloading red jerry cans of fuel from the boot of the car, one of whom was wielding an axe, at the entrance of the synagogue and setting it alight before speeding away.

Victoria’s Joint Counter Terrorism Team alleged Younes, 20, stole the car to carry out the attack and recklessly endangered lives by setting fire to the A$20 million synagogue when people were inside, a charge sheet shows. No one was wounded in the attack.

A co-accused, Giovanni Laulu, 21, appeared in court last month on the same charges.

Police have referred to the sedan as a “communal crime car” linked to other attacks that were not politically motivated.

In a press conference on July 30 to announce seven search warrants had been executed and a man arrested over the synagogue attack, the Australian Federal Police’s then deputy commissioner Krissy Barrett said it was politically motivated and involved offshore criminals.

“We suspect these criminals worked with criminal associates in Victoria to carry out the arson attack,” she said, also confirming a major Australian crime figure deported to Iraq in 2023 was “one of our ongoing lines of inquiry.”

Police were working with the Five Eyes intelligence network that also includes Britain, the United States, Canada, and New Zealand, she said.

Home Affairs Minister Tony Burke told ABC Radio on Wednesday that those involved locally would not have necessarily known “who had started it.”

“You have a series of intermediaries so that people performing different actions don’t in fact know who is directing them or don’t necessarily know who is directing them,” he said.

In recent months, the level of anti-Israel propaganda has reached entirely new proportions, including a major campaign around starvation in Gaza, a massive global push for unilaterally recognizing Palestinian statehood (which Palestinians see as a reward for the October 7 massacre), and restricting Israel from global trade, even among traditional Israeli allies.

Though clearly at odds with factual reality, this global propaganda campaign has nonetheless garnered enormous traction: including among leaders, celebrities, and the general public. This is no mere popularity contest, but a nation-state level strategic weapon, similar to a navy or an air force: a weapon that took Israel’s enemies decades to develop, and for which Israel has no “Iron Dome” defense system.

How did it happen?

At a 2001 conference in Durban, South Africa, the Palestinian Authority and its various allies (including Qatar and Iran) launched what later came to be known as the “Diplomatic Intifada.”

Their aim: to defame Israel in every sphere — political, diplomatic, lawfare, education, communications, grassroots, and more. The goal was to change the world, not in a year or even 10 years — but rather to persuade an entire generation that hadn’t even been born yet (today’s 18-24 year old cohort).

Fast forward to 2025: nearly 25 years of work and billions of dollars per year in investment have gone into the following types of projects:

Communications: This includes obvious conventional communications, such as Al Jazeera (an entire television network founded by Qatar and controlled by the Qatari royal family), as well as more subtle business plays: for example, Qatar, the UAE and Saudi Arabia are investing heavily in American mainstream television networks and entertainment companies, while niche opinion-makers have been accused of receiving funding from sources linked to Qatar and Iran.

Digital: Entire armies of “bots” (fake social media accounts) share and promote content online, thus manipulating the algorithms into causing that content to go viral and ultimately to influence real people. For example, during Israel’s “Twelve Day War” against Iran, the Iranian regime shut down the local internet. At that exact time, thousands of (apparently) British and Scottish Twitter accounts (which had been advocating for Scottish independence) suddenly went dark. The accounts returned promptly when the war ended — except now they were tweeting pro-Iran as well anti-United States and anti-Israel messaging.

Intelligence analyst Ryan McBeth explains that this and other related data reveals that the accounts were actually Iranian bots all along, and that such a discovery is merely a small peak into a much larger operation.

In short, it’s no accident that anti-Israel messaging goes viral more than pro-Israel content: a huge, nation-state scale investment is dedicated to manipulating the algorithms.

Education: The Diplomatic Intifada also includes manipulation of US and European education systems through direct donations, endowing university professorships (on the condition that the professor promotes the right ideology), indirect donations through charities and NGOs, funding student groups, and more.

The key is that investors operate at a critical mass: funding not just a professor or two, but enough to change the character of entire universities. Many universities run high school education programs, which often include similar ideology geared to even younger students.

This education strategy dovetails with the communications strategy: by the time young adults see ideologically driven posts on social media, they have been already indoctrinated, by over a decade of long-form education, during their most formative years.

It is therefore a mistake to assume that social media creates anti-Israel opinions: more accurately, it serves as a reinforcement mechanism for existing opinions that the Diplomatic Intifada had already cultivated and cemented for years.

Politics: Lobbying and promoting political candidates for office. For example, favored New York mayoral candidate Zohran Mamdani, Members of Congress Rashida Tlaib (D-MI), Ilhan Omar (D-MN), and others receive funding from CAIR.

It’s important to understand that some voters support Mamdani and other extremist candidates not in spite of their antisemitism, but because of it.

When asked about Zohran Mamdani’s statements in support of jihadism and violence against Jews, over a third of New Yorkers, including almost 60% of likely Mamdani voters, said such statements make them more likely to vote for him, with over 40% declaring those statements make them “much more likely” to vote for him.

In other words: the antisemitism is not a bug, it’s a feature.

Grass roots: Billions invested in NGOs and charities around the world, some of which subsequently go to organizing and hiring paid protesters to create the illusion of massive public support for their ideology. One notable example was recently exposed by X influencer Nate Friedman, and echoed online by President Trump.

In effect, this is a strategic weapon, a process not much different than taking decades to build a modern air force or navy. The ultimate effect is to impact the opinions and emotions of real and ordinary people, on a massive scale.

Why now?

On the one hand, this can be seen as an encouraging sign — it means Hamas (and its allies) are desperate, and finally realize they’re losing. They are therefore capitalizing to an unprecedented degree on the only truly effective weapon they have left: weaponized propaganda.

Over time — or in the short term, if an anti-Israel president enters the White House — these results could prove to be catastrophic for global (and especially American) support for Israel.

What is Israel doing about it?

Not much.

The Israeli government has set its priorities on military, intelligence, security, healthcare, and emergency services. There is minimal investment in communications. The best talent in Israel is not typically encouraged to enter this area, and it is simply not considered a strategic priority.

While this may seem an obvious strategic mistake by Israel, it is not without its logic: the Israeli leadership generally believes that anti-Israel propaganda may sound bad, but doesn’t truly have an impact in the real world. In a small country with limited resources, Israel’s leaders find communications to be a waste of resources compared to other important needs.

But are Israel’s leaders right?

To some extent Israeli officials are not wrong — despite all their propaganda, Israel’s enemies keep losing militarily, and many (such as Iran) face economies and societies that are in a state of collapse. Given the choice between funding communications versus (for example) more missile defense interceptors, Israel chooses defense.

But what happens when Israel can no longer access such life-saving hardware, because its allies have caved to the propaganda and turned against the Jewish State?

That’s why Israeli officials are partly right, but also terribly wrong.

How many times have US and other Israeli allies delayed or withheld needed weapons, forced Israel to delay necessary military operations, or forced Israel to provide aid and resources (effectively) to enemy combatants?

These realities have prolonged the war, prolonged the captivity of the hostages, and cost the lives of IDF soldiers. In addition (in my own humble opinion), Israel has certain moral responsibilities for the safety of global Jewish communities as well as Israelis traveling abroad: neglecting the communications battlefield endangers both groups.

So what can we do about it?

The truly right (but impractical) answer is to invest billions of dollars per year for the next 25 years with the goal of making a change — not for us, but for our children and our grandchildren.

Israel needs a “communications force” on the scale of a navy or air force. Israel’s stunning operation against Iran’s nuclear program was 20 years in the making — and a proper communications battle requires no less.

But for now, there are some things we can do in the near-term:

RealityCheck focuses on producing persuasive reports that trigger actual policy changes by specific governments and international agencies — it’s a way that we can have an actual impact that does more than “preaching to the choir” and actually accomplishes something real.

Other groups are doing the same, and this work needs to continue and intensify.

Another frontier is AI; we have a new program of training the AI platforms which are fast becoming a core source of news information. Other groups are working on this, and it’s a way to make a positive difference right now.

Obviously, these steps are not enough against a multi-billion dollar, 25 year, strategic weapon, and among all our other activities, we are working to persuade the Israeli government and the philanthropic world to help Israel address this properly.

Each one of you can be a voice for change — and I hope you will.

Daniel Pomerantz is the CEO of RealityCheck, an organization dedicated to deepening public conversation through robust research studies and public speaking.

In a world oversaturated with misinformation, it has become easier than ever to turn a lie into a headline. The newest global narrative? That Gaza is experiencing a food crisis, and it’s entirely Israel’s fault. But peel away the propaganda and a very different picture emerges.

The so-called humanitarian crisis has been strategically packaged by Hamas and its propaganda arm to weaponize pity and vilify Israel.

Ironically, Israel has never blocked aid. Quite the opposite. Since the outbreak of war, Israel has facilitated the entry of thousands of aid trucks carrying food, water, medicine, and fuel. Recently, even Israeli aircraft joined international efforts to air-drop supplies, an act virtually unheard of in wartime by any other military force.

So, where does this aid go?

Straight to Hamas. This terror regime has perfected the art of theft, frequently confiscating humanitarian supplies, reselling them to civilians, or redirecting them to fuel their war machine. Meanwhile, Gaza’s truly needy receive aid only if they pledge loyalty or can afford to buy back the stolen goods. Humanitarian relief has become a hostage of terror.

The real blockade is Hamas.

While the world points fingers at Israel, approximately 50 Israelis are still being held captive in Gaza. Their names are forgotten by a media more obsessed with demonizing Israel than confronting terrorist cruelty. World leaders demand “restraint” from Israel while turning a blind eye to hostage-taking, child soldiers, and the systematic abuse of civilians by Hamas.

When the IDF paused military operations to allow aid, the world demanded more. When Israel offered humanitarian corridors, critics scoffed. When aid continued to flow, accusations of “collective punishment” persisted. What more can be asked of a nation that is literally feeding its enemy’s civilians, even as its own are under fire?

Israel’s critics never seem to ask Egypt why its border remains closed. Or why Qatar continues to fund Hamas. Or why the UN’s aid warehouses keep “disappearing.” Instead, Israel is blamed for everything, from famine to fire, from rockets to riots.

It’s time to name the real culprits:

• Hamas, which steals food, hoards fuel, and uses children as shields.

• The UN, which too often negotiates with terrorists while ignoring their crimes.

• Western governments, who cower before populist outrage instead of defending moral clarity.

Let’s not confuse compassion with complicity. Want to feed Gaza’s children? Keep supplying aid, but more importantly, remove the regime that’s starving them. Want peace in the region? Support the one democracy that believes in it. Want justice? Bring the hostages home.

Israel did not choose this war — no, it was forced into it. But Israelis — and Palestinians — will never be safe until Hamas is gone. This is done not for revenge, but for survival. Not for conquest, but for the hope of a better tomorrow.

The world doesn’t need more food drops. It needs a reality check. Because Israel isn’t blocking peace. It’s defending it.

Sabine Sterk is CEO of Time to Stand Up for Israel.