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Why Have Jews Migrated and Assimilated?
Yemenite Jews walking through a desert, near Aden, before being airlifted to Israel, November 1949. Photo: Wikimedia Commons.
There are very different reasons why Jews have always migrated, and many have assimilated. When we feel insecure, some of us just sit the crisis out. Others just move on to more welcoming or financially more promising situations. The present is no different, but here are two examples from the past.
In 1985, I became the rabbi of the Western synagogue off the Finchley Road in Central London. I had previously been the Rabbi of Giffnock Synagogue in Glasgow and Principal of Carmel College. In 1984, I went with my family on a sabbatical to Israel. Much as I loved Israel, I could not fit into its political world, and so I joined the Western in 1985. Unlike most of the other synagogues in London, this one was independent.
The Western had a long and noble history of independence going all the way back to its initial establishment in 1761 as a private minyan started by Wolf Liepman. He had migrated during the eighteenth century and chose to live outside the main Jewish communities in the East End of London. Hence its name “The Western.”
As it grew, it acquired its own burial ground in Brompton Road. Over the years it continued to grow. I chose the Western synagogue because it was independent. I knew that I didn’t have to worry about the politics of the United Synagogue and the Chief Rabbinate. It was a very special, warm, and genteel community, with its own social and educational center. Although most of its members were not so Orthodox in practice, they were very attached to its traditions.
By the time I arrived, the Jews of the West End area were moving further north to where the major Jewish communities of London are today. And so, after a few years, we entered into negotiations with other declining communities in the West End, to get together. Eventually the Western relinquished its independence to merge with Marble Arch, which was part of the United Synagogue. And that was when, after seven very happy and rewarding years, I resigned rather than come under the United Synagogue.
As soon as I arrived at the Western, I had been asked to deal with a very delicate problem. Its Brompton Road Cemetery had been filled completely by the beginning of the 20th century. The synagogue had been approached by developers to sell its disused burial ground which would be turned into residential buildings and would have made a great deal of money for the community. Initially the Western approached the Chief Rabbinate of Israel who agreed, on the grounds that one could move graves if it was to holier ground (in Israel).
English law required that to do this would need to have the approval of relatives of all those buried in the cemetery. The Western had all the documentation and was able to track down the relatives of the 280 bodies buried there. To everybody’s surprise, they discovered that there was not one family buried in that cemetery with Jewish descendants. They had all married out.
We were ready to go ahead, when the Chief Rabbi and the Beth Din stepped in and asked us to stop. The Western had no obligation to accept their authority or opinion. But we chose to listen to their advice. They argued that there remained a significant number of other redundant and historical Jewish burial sites across the United Kingdom. If any one of them transferred bodies to Israel for real estate development, this might begin a wave of such transfers, which would look very bad in the eyes of what was and still is an atmosphere of prejudice against Jews.
The idea of moving bodies for financial gain would be used by antisemites to prove how materialist the Jewish people were.
In contrast, my first job in the Rabbinate was in Glasgow in 1968. Giffnock was a growing, independent, dynamic, and warm community of a thousand souls. With strong religious and secular roots, Glasgow itself was a community of nearly 15,000 Jews with eight significant functioning synagogues and a few other smaller communities, built primarily by refugees from Lithuania. I enjoyed the community and life in Scotland immensely.
Since then, the Jewish population has dropped to around about 2,000. Under a pro-Palestinian Scottish government, life for Jews is not what it was. Some have indeed married out . But many have simply moved on to enrich other communities and countries. Wherever you go in the Jewish world today from Canada, the US, Australia, and Israel, to name only the largest, you will find colonies of positively committed former Glaswegians.
October the 7th and its horrific aftermath has had a huge impact. For some it confirmed their alienation from Jews and Judaism. But others realized that the Jewish people remain marked for prejudice and hatred — and that the only response is to strengthen their identity and commitment, to stand up and be counted as Jews.
We Jews have always moved on. This past year, some have moved to Israel, others have moved away. Communities rise and fall. Many have been destroyed. Who remembers that Otranto and Bari at the boot of Italy, a thousand years ago, were the most vibrant Jewish communities in Europe? Will the Diaspora now go like them, or will Israel ensure we thrive and do not disappear?
When these wars are over, I strongly believe that a new generation will do better than the past to restore our days of old. There is much to be optimistic about, despite the almost universal pathology of irrational hatred. But we are often our own worst enemies, and we must sort ourselves out first before we turn to the rest of the world. There are plenty of reasons for optimism this year.
The author is a writer and rabbi, currently based in New York.
The post Why Have Jews Migrated and Assimilated? first appeared on Algemeiner.com.
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UCLA Settles Antisemitism Lawsuit, Agrees to Donate Millions to Jewish Civil Rights Groups
A pro-Hamas demonstrator uses a bullhorn during a protest at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) on March 11, 2025. Photo: Daniel Cole via Reuters Connect.
The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) has agreed to pay $6.45 million to settle a lawsuit which accused it of fostering a discriminatory and antisemitic learning environment during the 2023-2024 academic year.
The sum includes $2.33 million in donations for a consortium of Jewish civil rights organizations, including the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), Academic Engagement Network (AEN), and UCLA’s Hillel International campus chapter; another $320,000 will be awarded to the UCLA Initiative to Combat Antisemitism. The accusers — Yitzchok Frankel, Joshua Ghayoum, and Eden Shemuelian, who were UCLA students at the time of filing, as well as UCLA Health Dr. Kamran Shamsa — will split the remaining $3.6 million.
“Antisemitism harassment, and other forms of intimidation are antithetical to our values and have no place at the University of California,” UC Board of Regents Chair Janet Reilly said in a press release on Tuesday. “We have been clear about where we have fallen short, and we are committed to doing better moving forward. Today’s settlement reflects a critically important goal that we share with the plaintiffs: to foster a safe, secure, and inclusive environment for all members of our community and ensure that there is no room for antisemitism anywhere on campus.”
Filed in June 2024, the suit excoriated UCLA’s handling of a “Gaza Solidarity Encampment” that an anti-Zionist student group erected on campus in the final weeks of the 2024 spring semester, explaining that it was a source of antisemitism from the moment it went up. According to the complaint, students there chanted “death to the Jews,” set up illegal checkpoints through which no one could pass unless they denounced Israel, and ordered campus security assigned there by the university to ensure that no Jews entered it.
Alleging that UCLA refused to clear the encampment despite knowing what was happening there, the complaint charged that administrators put on a “remarkable display of cowardice, appeasement, and illegality.” In doing so, it continued, UCLA allowed a “Jewish Exclusion Zone” on its property, violating its own policies as well as “the basic guarantee of equal access to educational facilities that receive federal funding” and other equal protection laws.
Numerous antisemitic incidents occurred at UCLA before the spring encampment, the complaint added.
Just five days after Hamas’s Oct. 7, 2023, massacre across southern Israel, the complaint said, anti-Zionist protesters chanted “Itbah El Yahud” at Bruin Plaza, which means “slaughter the Jews” in Arabic. Other incidents included someone’s tearing a chapter page out of Philip Roth’s 2004 novel The Plot Against America, titled “Loudmouth Jew,” and leaving it outside the home of a UCLA faculty member, as well as Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) staging a disturbing demonstration in which its members cudgeled a piñata, to which a picture of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s face was glued, while shouting “beat the Jew.”
In Tuesday’s press release the plaintiffs said in a joint statement with UCLA that “we are pleased with terms today’s settlement. The injunction and other terms UCLA has agreed to demonstrate real progress in the fight against antisemitism.”
UCLA’s legal woes did not end with Tuesday’s settlement. On the same day, the US Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division ruled that UCLA’s response to antisemitic incidents, some of which were cited in the students’ lawsuit, constitutes violations of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the US Constitution and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act. The ruling could threaten the $1 billion in direct funding the university receives from the federal government annually.
“Our investigation into the University of California system has found concerning evidence of systemic antisemitism at UCLA that demands severe accountability from the institution,” Attorney General Pamela Bondi said in a statement. “This disgusting breach of civil rights against students will not stand: the [Department of Justice] will force UCLA to pay a heavy price for putting Jewish Americans at risk and continue our ongoing investigations into other campuses in the UC system.”
Follow Dion J. Pierre @DionJPierre.
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‘Kill All the Jews’: FBI Investigates Attack at New York Kosher Restaurant as Possible Hate Crime
Illustrative: FBI agents and NYPD officers work near the scene of a reported shooter situation in the Manhattan borough of New York City, US, July 28, 2025. Photo: REUTERS/Eduardo Munoz
A recent assault in New York targeting Jewish diners, who suffered several injuries and said they were also verbally accosted with antisemitic slurs, is being investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as a possible hate crime, The Algemeiner has learned.
Bita Golbari, 51, a New York resident, told The Algemeiner that the FBI called her on Tuesday to discuss the incident that happened during the early morning hours of July 20 inside and then in front of a kosher restaurant in Queens called Sezam, which serves Russian and Central Asian cuisine. Public affairs officials at the FBI’s New York field office did not respond by press time to a request for comment on the bureau’s involvement in the case.
Officers of the New York City Police Department’s (NYPD) 112th Precinct who were at the scene of the crime filled out two complaint reports about the violent attack that were obtained by The Algemeiner. Neither police report classified the incident as a hate crime, just an assault with an intent to cause injury. The Algemeiner made multiple efforts to speak to the detective in charge of the case but to no avail. The NYPD’s Office of the Deputy Commissioner, Public Information did not respond to a request for comment on why the assault was not being investigated as a possible hate crime.
Golbari was having dinner with her husband and several other Jewish couples at Sezam late at night on July 19 before the violence ensued. She said there was a table nearby with several men and, around midnight, they brought two women from outside the restaurant to join the table. Golbari’s close friend, Elham Sharga, 45, was with her at the restaurant that night.
“From the beginning of the night, I saw there was a table next to us with a few men sitting at it, and they were staring at us. They were looking at our table,” Sharga told The Algemeiner. “My spot [at our table] was really close to them. I was really scared, so I moved my chair to the other side to sit next to my other friend. I didn’t give them attention; I just moved my spot.”
The two women who came into the restaurant at around midnight were responsible for starting the violence and uttered antisemitic slurs, but the men at their table also participated in physically assaulting Golbari’s family and friends, Golbari told The Algemeiner.
The altercation began when Golbari’s group was getting ready to leave the restaurant at around 1 am. Sharga could not find her handbag and noticed that one of the women at the nearby table had taken it, she explained. Sharga approached the woman and asked why she took her bag. In response, the female attacker pulled Elham’s hair and threw her down. The other woman joined in and started hitting Sharga as she remained on the floor.
“Hitting me on my head, my belly, my back, my neck,” Sharga recalled. “They were pulling my hair. And then I heard the other guys come and they all started hitting me. I was thinking I was dying. I was screaming for help. My husband heard and came to help me. Then they started hitting my husband. His face was full of blood. His arm was bleeding.”
Sharga’s husband was pushed, thrown on the floor, punched and kicked, she said.
“I really don’t know how long I was on the floor getting beaten up,” Sharga added. “I saw them then running after my other friends and saying, ‘You guys are Jewish, we wanna kill you all tonight’ … They pushed Bita’s husband. I see everyone screaming and he was on the floor. His head was bleeding. I was bleeding everywhere; I was in pain. They really were killing me. I was getting beaten up from head to toe.”
Sharga was hospitalized following the attack and fractured her ribs. She said she still experiences pain throughout her entire body.
Golbari noticed the violence as she was leaving Sezam, she told The Algemeiner.
“At the end of the night, I’m walking out the door and I see everybody is fighting,” she recalled. “I see my friend Elham on the floor and they [the two women] are kicking and hitting her, punching … and I see my husband and the other people all fighting with the guys.”
Golbari then quickly ran outside the restaurant to call 9-1-1. One of the women who was attacking Sharga saw Golbari go outside and began chasing her down the street.
“She came after me in the street,” Golbari said. “And I tried to hold up one of the cars in the middle of the street and I said, ‘Please call the police, someone is trying to kill me.’ So, she [the driver] rolled down her window and called the police, I think. I saw her phone in her hand. But the girl who was following me, reached me. She grabbed me and she said, ‘What the f–k are you trying to do? Are you trying to call the police on us? We are going to kill all of you Jews.’ And then she punched me so hard in the face I thought I was dead. And I said to myself, ‘She’s going to kill me.’ And I just ran for my life.”
“I crossed the street, I found a guy, I held his hand, and I said, ‘Please, don’t leave my side. Somebody is trying to kill me.’ He said, ‘Are you Jewish?’ I said, ‘Yes.’ And he said, ‘OK, I’m going to help you. It’s OK, stay by me,’” Golbari continued. “He held my hand, and when the girl saw that he was with me, she ran. Her friend [the other attacker] saw that she was running, and she also ran.”
The kind stranger escorted Golbari back to the restaurant, where she found her husband on the floor, bleeding from his lip and head after being brutally attacked. By the time NYPD officers arrived at the scene, all the attackers had fled either by foot or car. No arrests have been made yet. None of the restaurant staff intervened to stop the fighting, which started near the exit and proceeded outside of the establishment.
The manager of Sezam, Andrew, was present when the incident unfolded but did not want to provide his last name. He told The Algemeiner he believes “it was just a common fight between two drunk people. It was nothing extraordinary … They were just fighting. Pushing themselves and that’s it.” He added that the restaurant has been in touch with the NYPD about the incident.
Both Golbari and Sharga told The Algemeiner that the disc jockey performing that evening at Sezam was sitting at the table with the attackers. Sharga also said when she asked the DJ to play Hebrew music that night, he blatantly refused. The manager of Sezam was unwilling to share with The Algemeiner the name of the DJ performing at the restaurant the night of the attack.
The incident came amid a surge in antisemitic hate crimes in New York City following the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas’s Oct. 7, 2023, invasion of and massacre across southern Israel. Jews were targeted in a staggering 54 percent of all hate crimes perpetrated in the city last year, according to data issued by the NYPD.
The NYPD complaint report from the early morning hours of July 20 noted that Golbari’s husband was punched in the face and back of the head multiple times. Golbari herself was punched in the face and neck, while Sharga and her husband both suffered several injuries, including to their face, legs, and arms.
Golbari’s husband was taken to the hospital on the night of the assault and remained there the next day as well. He was discharged but has since returned to the hospital twice because of a fever, loss of hearing in one ear, nausea, and severe headaches related to a head concussion and fracture he suffered during the attack, Golbari shared. He also had internal bleeding in his head that has since stabilized. He is still suffering from nausea and headaches.
“This is all because we are Jewish,” Sharga said. “Very sad. We just went out to have dinner. To have fun. Not to have these things happen to us.”
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‘Pod Save America’ Hosts Call on Democrats to Cut All US Military Aid to Israel, No Longer Accept AIPAC Money
Pod Save America hosts on tour. Photo: Screenshot
The hosts of the influential progressive podcast “Pod Save America” — all one-time aides to former US President Barack Obama — on Tuesday called on the future Democratic presidential nominee to cut all funding and military ties with Israel, urging party leaders to adopt a “total mindset change” in their relationship with the Jewish state.
The trio of hosts — Tommy Vietor, Jon Lovett, and Jon Favreau — also said that Democrats should no longer accept money from the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), send Israel military aid, or block anti-Israel resolutions at the United Nations. The Obama administration alumni lambasted Israel for deteriorating humanitarian conditions in the Gaza strip and pursuing military action in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria.
There has to be a total mindset change in the Democratic party. When the war ends, we are not going back to the pre-October 7 status quo. pic.twitter.com/Bow5zmYS2v
— Pod Save America (@PodSaveAmerica) July 29, 2025
“The things I want to see Democrats at least calling for is cutting off military assistance to Israel,” Vietor said. “I would like to see talk about sanctioning Israeli government officials that use genocidal rhetoric or talk about ethnic cleansing openly. We should support a ceasefire resolution at the UN.”
“When the war ends, we are not going back to the pre-Oct. 7 status quo,” he added, referring to the period before the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas’s Oct. 7, 2023, invasion of and massacre across southern Israel.
Vietor argued that the Democratic Party should not develop close ties to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, decrying former US President Joe Biden’s decision to maintain a tight bond with the Israeli premier. He accused Netanyahu of continuing the war in Gaza for political purposes and said that he attacks Iran, Syria, and Lebanon “when he wants to.”
In the immediate aftermath of the Oct. 7 attacks, Hezbollah, a Lebanese terrorist organization, pummeled northern Israel almost daily with barrages of missiles. The Lebanese Islamist movement fired over 10,000 projectiles at Israel in 2024. About 70,000 Israelis were forced to evacuate their homes in northern Israel and flee to other parts of the country as a result. Israel responded with a blistering campaign targeting key command centers, military leaders, and weapons depots crippling Hezbollah’s military infrastructure.
Both Hamas and Hezbollah are backed by Iran, which the US intelligence community has for years identified as the world’s foremost state sponsor of terrorism.
“Especially if we are going to head into a primary, like, table stakes is going to be no more military aid for Israel,” Lovett added.
The ongoing Israel-Hamas war in Gaza has divided the American political left. Polling suggests that commanding majorities of liberals now express greater empathy for Palestinians than Israelis, representing a massive shift from previous years.
Seemingly in response to a shifting sentiment among liberal voters, the “Pod Save America” hosts have adopted a more adversarial posture against Israel in recent months.