New York City Mayor Eric Adams has signed an executive order which adopts the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) definition of antisemitism, enacting a policy major civil rights groups have said is essential for fighting an epidemic of anti-Jewish hatred sweeping across the US.

“Antisemitism is a vile disease that’s been spreading across our nation and our city. What’s worse, since Hamas’s terror attacks on Oct. 7, 2023, we have seen this hateful rhetoric become normalized on our campuses, in our communities, and online as antisemitic propaganda far too often masquerades as activism,” Adams said on Sunday, announcing the action at the Tribeca Synagogue in Manhattan. “When Jewish New Yorkers make up 11 percent of the population but more than half of all hate crimes, we know this moment demands bold, decisive action to crack down on anti-Jewish hatred.”

He continued, “We must go further. I am calling on the City Council to join this commitment to target antisemitism everywhere it exists and immediately pass a bill to codify this definition into law. It’s time we all come together to eradicate this hatred from our city, once and for all.”

IHRA — an intergovernmental organization comprising dozens of countries including the US and Israel — adopted the “working definition” of antisemitism in 2016. Since then, the definition has been widely accepted by Jewish groups and lawmakers across the political spectrum, and it is now used by hundreds of governing institutions, including the US State Department, European Union, and United Nations.

According to the definition, antisemitism “is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities.” It provides 11 specific, contemporary examples of antisemitism in public life, the media, schools, the workplace, and in the religious sphere. Beyond classic antisemitic behavior associated with the likes of the medieval period and Nazi Germany, the examples include denial of the Holocaust and newer forms of antisemitism targeting Israel such as demonizing the Jewish state, denying its right to exist, and holding it to standards not expected of any other democratic state.

New York City’s embrace of the definition comes amid a historic surge in antisemitic incidents.

In 2024, as reported by the Anti-Defamation League’s (ADL) latest annual audit, there were 9,354 antisemitic incidents — an average of 25.6 a day — across the US, creating an atmosphere of hate not experienced in the nearly thirty years since the ADL began tracking such data in 1979. Incidents of harassment, vandalism, and assault all increased by double digits, and for the first time ever a majority of outrages — 58 percent — were related to the existence of Israel as the world’s only Jewish state.

The ADL also reported dramatic rises in incidents on college campuses, which saw the largest growth in 2024. The 1,694 incidents tallied by the ADL amounted to an 84 percent increase over the previous year. Additionally, antisemites were emboldened to commit more offenses in public in 2024 than they did in 2023, perpetrating 19 percent more attacks on Jewish people, pro-Israel demonstrators, and businesses perceived as being Jewish-owned or affiliated with Jews.

New York State alone had the second most antisemitic incidents in the country with 1,437, an 18 percent increase from the previous year which led the nation. Meanwhile, in March of this year, Jews in New York City became victims of more hate crimes than any other group even as crime across the Five Boroughs fell to ‘historic’ lows.

Jews constituted a disproportionate share of hate crimes perpetrated in New York City in 2024 as well. Of the 641 total hate crimes tallied by the New York City Police Department that year, Jews were victims of 345, which, in addition to being a 7 percent increase over the previous year, amounted to 54 percent of all hate crimes in the city.

During the first quarter of 2025, according to the NYPD, 62 percent of hate crimes were antisemitic.

Adams took the first step towards addressing the issue in May when it launched the Mayor’s Office to Combat Antisemitism, which will oversee an inter-agency task force assigned with monitoring the city’s approach to antisemitism at every level of government. The effort is “the first of its kind in a major city across the nation,” Adams said last month.

On Sunday, he was commended for following up the announcement by adopting the IHRA definition.

“Antisemitic incidents on US soil are at unprecedented levels — the highest in our lifetime,” said Kenneth Marcus, co-founder of the Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law who previously served as assistant civil rights secretary in the US Education Department. “IHRA provides a clear framework for law enforcement, educations, and all local officials to properly identify and address antisemitism in all its forms. Mayor Adams’ example should be followed nationwide. Every city and state must follow Mayor Adams’ lead to confront this ugly and dangerous resurgence in Jew-hatred.”

Josh Kramer, regional director of the American Jewish Committee, added, “New York City joins a growing number of governments and institutions committed to fighting antisemitism and safeguarding Jewish communities. With approximately one in ten New York residents being Jewish, and with the largest Jewish community outside of Israel, it is vital that we maintain an environment where all communities are treated with dignity and respect. Adopting the IHRA definition is an important tool to ensuring New York remains a safe and inclusive place for all its residents, including the Jewish community.”

Follow Dion J. Pierre @DionJPierre.

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