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Purim, Amalek, and the Shabbat to Remember
The Shabbat before Purim is always called Shabbat Zachor — the Shabbat to Remember. It specifically refers to the battle that took place when the Israelites left Egypt, hoping to avoid conflict, but the tribe of Amalek attacked them from behind. Joshua led the battle to defeat them (Exodus 17:8-16), and the Torah commands Israel to destroy Amalek. Later on (Deuteronomy 25:17), the Torah adds that we should remember what happened and not forget. This is the extra part we read from the Torah this week.
There are lots of references in the Torah to remembering. The term Zachor is used to remember the Shabbat day and, indeed, remember the whole of our tradition.
The Torah keeps on stressing that we should remember we were slaves in Egypt — but also not hate the Egyptians for the bad things they did. The Torah also commanded us not to hate the Edomites (Deut23:8), and it didn’t encourage us to hate the Cannanite tribes.
The reason normally given for blotting out Amalek is that they attacked the Israelites when there was no threat to them. Amalek became a symbol of those who attacked us for no good reason other than crude hatred. Over the years, this name has been applied to Middle Eastern enemies, as well as periods of oppression under Rome, Christianity, and Islam. And at this moment, some consider Amalek to be the same as those who call for wiping Israel off the map, whether Palestinians or their supporters.
In the Book of Samuel, the Amalekites were still around and a powerful enemy hundreds of years later. It seems the Israelites either did a bad job in destroying them, or simply did not take the Biblical commandment to be more than symbolic. King Saul defeated them. Samuel killed King Agag for his brutality. Haman in the Book of Esther was called an Agagite, whether genealogically or symbolically. And this is the link between Haman, Amalek, Purim, and us today.
Some claim that Hamas is the equivalent of the Canaanites because they are defending their homes. Others say Hamas is the equivalent of Amalek because of their barbarism. But neither of those is accurate because they do have cause. Besides, this does not explain why the governments of Brazil, Ireland, South Africa, and the rest of them hate us with such venom.
One of the claims levied against Judaism is that we have killed our enemies in the past. But Canaanites went on living alongside the Israelites for hundreds of years, sometimes in alliance and sometimes in opposition. The Israelites did not destroy them. If we are accused of being genocidal, how have they grown and flourished over the years? The same is true of the ludicrous charges made against Israel today.
It was not until the Assyrian Emperor Sennacherib conquered and scattered all the Middle Eastern tribes, that the rabbis said quite explicitly that Amalek could not be identified. “Since Sennacherib came up and scattered all the tribes, we can no longer identify any of them.” (Brachot 28a and Yoma 54a).
This is why the Torah says quite specifically that, “The battle against needless hatred of Jews is an eternal one,” in each generation, and will go on forever. But at the same time, we must remember that Amalek is just one tribe. There are plenty of others who are not infected by the virus of Jew-hatred. And at the same time, we had fifth columnists who turned their backs on their people. As the Megillah says “Many non-Jews identified with the Jews.” Then, as now — not much has changed.
Shabbat Shalom and Purim Sameach.
The author is a writer and rabbi, currently based in New York.
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Israel Says Missile Launched by Yemen’s Houthis ‘Most Likely’ Intercepted
Houthi leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi addresses followers via a video link at the al-Shaab Mosque, formerly al-Saleh Mosque, in Sanaa, Yemen, Feb. 6, 2024. Photo: REUTERS/Khaled Abdullah
The Israeli army said on Saturday that a missile fired from Yemen towards Israeli territory had been “most likely successfully intercepted,” while Yemen’s Houthi forces claimed responsibility for the launch.
Israel has threatened Yemen’s Iran-aligned Houthi movement – which has been attacking Israel in what it says is solidarity with Gaza – with a naval and air blockade if its attacks on Israel persist.
The Houthi military spokesperson Yahya Saree said the group was responsible for Saturday’s attack, adding that it fired a missile towards the southern Israeli city of Beersheba.
Since the start of Israel’s war in Gaza in October 2023, the Houthis, who control most of Yemen, have been firing at Israel and at shipping in the Red Sea, disrupting global trade.
Most of the dozens of missiles and drones they have launched have been intercepted or fallen short. Israel has carried out a series of retaliatory strikes.
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Iran Holds Funeral for Commanders and Scientists Killed in War with Israel
People attend the funeral procession of Iranian military commanders, nuclear scientists and others killed in Israeli strikes, in Tehran, Iran, June 28, 2025. Photo: Majid Asgaripour/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via REUTERS
Large crowds of mourners dressed in black lined streets in Iran’s capital Tehran as the country held a funeral on Saturday for top military commanders, nuclear scientists and some of the civilians killed during this month’s aerial war with Israel.
At least 16 scientists and 10 senior commanders were among those mourned at the funeral, according to state media, including armed forces chief Major General Mohammad Bagheri, Revolutionary Guards commander General Hossein Salami, and Guards Aerospace Force chief General Amir Ali Hajizadeh.
Their coffins were driven into Tehran’s Azadi Square adorned with their photos and national flags, as crowds waved flags and some reached out to touch the caskets and throw rose petals onto them. State-run Press TV showed an image of ballistic missiles on display.
Mass prayers were later held in the square.
State TV said the funeral, dubbed the “procession of the Martyrs of Power,” was held for a total of 60 people killed in the war, including four women and four children.
In attendance were President Masoud Pezeshkian and other senior figures including Ali Shamkhani, who was seriously wounded during the conflict and is an adviser to Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, as well as Khamenei’s son Mojtaba.
“Today, Iranians, through heroic resistance against two regimes armed with nuclear weapons, protected their honor and dignity, and look to the future prouder, more dignified, and more resolute than ever,” Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi, who also attended the funeral, said in a Telegram post.
There was no immediate statement from Khamenei, who has not appeared publicly since the conflict began. In past funerals, he led prayers over the coffins of senior commanders ahead of public ceremonies broadcast on state television.
Israel launched the air war on June 13, attacking Iranian nuclear facilities and killing top military commanders as well as civilians in the worst blow to the Islamic Republic since the 1980s war with Iraq.
Iran retaliated with barrages of missiles on Israeli military sites, infrastructure and cities. The United States entered the war on June 22 with strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities.
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Israel, the only Middle Eastern country widely believed to have nuclear weapons, said it aimed to prevent Tehran from developing its own nuclear weapons.
Iran denies having a nuclear weapons program. The U.N. nuclear watchdog has said it has “no credible indication” of an active, coordinated weapons program in Iran.
Bagheri, Salami and Hajizadeh were killed on June 13, the first day of the war. Bagheri was being buried at the Behesht Zahra cemetery outside Tehran mid-afternoon on Saturday. Salami and Hajizadeh were due to be buried on Sunday.
US President Donald Trump said on Friday that he would consider bombing Iran again, while Khamenei, who has appeared in two pre-recorded video messages since the start of the war, has said Iran would respond to any future US attack by striking US military bases in the Middle East.
A senior Israeli military official said on Friday that Israel had delivered a “major blow” to Iran’s nuclear project. On Saturday, Iran’s Revolutionary Guards said in a statement that Israel and the US “failed to achieve their stated objectives” in the war.
According to Iranian health ministry figures, 610 people were killed on the Iranian side in the war before a ceasefire went into effect on Tuesday. More than 4,700 were injured.
Activist news agency HRANA put the number of killed at 974, including 387 civilians.
Israel’s health ministry said 28 were killed in Israel and 3,238 injured.
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Pro-Palestinian Rapper Leads ‘Death to the IDF’ Chant at English Music festival
Revellers dance as Avril Lavigne performs on the Other Stage during the Glastonbury Festival at Worthy Farm, in Pilton, Somerset, Britain, June 30, 2024. Photo: REUTERS/Dylan Martinez
i24 News – Chants of “death to the IDF” were heard during the English Glastonbury music festival on Saturday ahead of the appearance of the pro-Palestinian Irish rappers Kneecap.
One half of punk duo based Bob Vylan (who both use aliases to protect their privacy) shouted out during a section of their show “Death to the IDF” – the Israeli military. Videos posted on X (formerly Twitter) show the crowd responding to and repeating the cheer.
This comes after officials had petitioned the music festival to drop the band. The rap duo also expressed support for the following act, Kneecap, who the BCC refused to show live after one of its members, Liam Óg Ó hAnnaidh – better known by stage name Mo Chara – was charged with a terror offense.
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