Napoleon Bonaparte, himself a giant of history, famously remarked that “history is a set of lies agreed upon.” Centuries later, the American Historical Association is on the precipice of taking the French revolutionary’s quip literally.

Boasting over 10,000 historians in its ranks, the American Historical Association “promotes the critical role of historical thinking in public life,” according to its website. However, recent events suggest members lack historical thinking even within the American Historical Association’s own activities.

On Sunday, more than 400 members of the academic association voted to advance a resolution condemning Israel for the imaginary crime of “scholasticide.” The resolution alleges that Israel is intentionally destroying the education system in the Gaza Strip.

Contrary to the American Historical Association’s mission, the resolution – advanced by radical pseudointellectuals – eschews “historical thinking in public life.” Instead, it employs partisan talking points devoid of evidence and context. In other words, to adopt the resolution isn’t to advance historical thinking; it’s to agree to a set of lies.

The resolution lists a few bases for its allegation, such as the destruction of schools and universities in Gaza during the war. Yet nowhere does the resolution contend with the critical questions of intent and legal and moral responsibility. It assumes criminality and malice on the part of the Jewish State without evidence.

But intent and responsibility matter. No one denies that schools have been destroyed during the war launched by Hamas. At issue is why they’ve been destroyed.

The resolution omits any context and history that address those questions. These omissions are especially notable given that no one at the American Historical Association is privy to the targeting process and decision-making inside the Israel Defense Forces command structure.

In Gaza, Hamas and other Palestinian terrorist organizations have systematically exploited schools and other civilian infrastructure for military purposes. This isn’t just Israeli propaganda – the IDF has published countless videos and images of terrorists exploiting civilian infrastructure. Just a few days ago, drone footage shared by the IDF showed numerous weapons hidden inside yet another school in Jabaliya. The United Nations has admitted, on many occasions, the existence of terror tunnels and weapons on the premises of UNRWA schools. Palestinian officials have published documentary evidence of it, and Hamas has even filmed itself using such facilities. Substantial evidence shows that Gazan schoolteachers and officials were involved in terrorist organizations and even participated in the atrocities of October 7, 2023.

This information has obvious relevance, as it explains why schools are being hit during an ongoing armed conflict.

Under international law, parties to a conflict are “to the maximum extent feasible,” supposed to “avoid locating military objectives within or near densely populated areas” and take “other necessary precautions to protect the civilian population, individual civilians, and civilian objects under their control against the danger resulting from military operations.” Hamas has brazenly violated these legal obligations.

On Israel’s part, it is true that schools are normally civilian objects that are given protection under the law of armed conflict. However, schools lose their protection as civilian objects when they are used to make an effective contribution to military action, at which point they become lawful military objectives. Israel is not obligated to refrain from striking terrorists or arms depots merely because they were cynically located in a civilian area. 

As explained by the US Department of Defense Law of War Manual (see section 5.12.3.4), “[t]he party that employs human shields in an attempt to shield military objectives from attack assumes responsibility” for injury to civilians, though any strike must still abide by other legal rules such as proportionality.

This is common sense. To erase Hamas’ responsibility for its systematic embedding of military infrastructure in civilian areas — unprecedented in both extent and sophistication — is to incentivize further human shielding and result in greater human suffering for both Israeli and Gazan civilians.

It is thus telling that the same people charging Israel with the imaginary crime of “scholasticide” are silent as to Hamas’ commission of the real crime of human shielding. Their failure to acknowledge how the war began — with the invasion and commission of unspeakable atrocities by Palestinian terrorists against Israeli civilians — is further telling. It is well documented that Hamas’ plans for October 7 explicitly included the targeting of elementary schools and youth centers in Israeli communities in order to “kill as many people as possible.” The contrasting silence from the American Historical Association resolution’s authors regarding Hamas’ plans to turn schools into slaughterhouses rings loud.

With this little bit of historical context and thinking, the game that members of the American Historical Association are playing becomes clear. This has nothing to do with the organization’s mission or concern for humanity. It’s about unacademic activists attempting to get historians to agree to a set of lies. Should the association wish to maintain its credibility and the integrity of the field of history, the choice is clear. It must reject this depraved resolution.

David M. Litman is a Senior Research Analyst at the Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting and Analysis (CAMERA).

 

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