Israeli troops during counterterrorism activity in Tulkarem, northwestern Samaria, September 2024. Photo: IDF.

JNS.org – The Israel Defense Forces and the Defense Ministry must soon make significant decisions about the future structure and capabilities of the military, prompted by lessons learned from the war it has fought since Oct. 7, 2023, and the changing threat landscape.

In the coming months, the IDF will have to propose a multi-year force-building plan, which needs to receive government budgetary commitment to be implemented, to replace the previous plan, Momentum, which began in 2020 and continued until the war broke out.

Momentum helped establish a network-centered war machine, in which IDF branches cooperated to quickly detect and fire on enemy targets. Momentum argued that seizing enemy territory isn’t the most important thing, placing the emphasis instead on destroying enemy capabilities.

Eado Hecht, a senior research fellow at the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies and an analyst specializing in military theory and military history, told JNS there are several lessons for the IDF to learn from the war.

“Starting about 30 years ago, the IDF adopted an incorrect theory of future wars based on an incorrect appraisal of the direction of international politics in general and in the Middle East in particular,” Hecht said.

This mistaken assessment was a local version of “the end of history fallacy,” he added, the expectation that major wars and conflicts were a relic of history. Instead, the expectation was that modern technology and revolutions in warfare would enable Israel to make do “with only counter-guerilla, counter-terrorism capabilities,” and that hi-tech intelligence and air force capabilities would be sufficient to defeat any threat.

This theory led the IDF to downgrade its ground forces, Hecht noted, leading to a huge reduction in size, in which units were canceled and tens of thousands of personnel discharged from service, alongside the removal of a wide variety of weapon types from use. “Fields of knowledge necessary to conducting massed ground maneuvers were erased from training regimens,” he said.

“The first lesson of this war is that what became derogatorily known as ‘the old-type wars’ were not old or gone—they still exist and still require the same type of forces they did then and the same type of military theories, doctrine and training they did then. The IDF needs to relearn and rebuild its capability and competence in conducting massed ground forces maneuvers,” said Hecht.

“The second major lesson of the war is that the IDF had reduced its size to a point where it was barely capable of doing what was needed, in fact less than what was needed,” he said.

Two-front wars

While in the 1967 Six-Day War and the 1973 Yom Kippur War, the IDF was able to carry out defensive and offensive operations on two fronts simultaneously, against armies stronger than Hamas and Hezbollah, in the current Swords of Iron war, the IDF could defend on two fronts but only conduct offensive actions on one front at a time, Hecht said. Even on one front, the IDF had to act sequentially rather than simultaneously attack enemy forces across the board.

“The IDF will have to again increase the size of its ground forces. The answers to the questions ‘How much does it need?’ given the size and character of the future threats, and ‘How much can it expand?’ given the size of Israel’s manpower pool and economy, create a difficult tension that will have to be resolved gradually over the coming years,” said Hecht.

“In my opinion, the IDF needs three more maneuver divisions—but raising them will be very difficult, especially in regard to acquiring the necessary amount of equipment,” he added.

Hecht said that a third lesson is “the need to rebuild the reserves component of the army. The IDF not only reduced their numbers but also deliberately reduced their training—compelling it to retrain many units before employing them because people no longer remembered their skills.”

He highlighted the importance of traditional weaponry, saying the “fourth major lesson is that the weapons of old are still important. During the war, nobody asked for more keyboards and fancy equipment, everybody wanted more tanks, more artillery and more [armored] bulldozers. Some new tools are very useful—especially small drones and quadcopters—and every unit should have them, but they do not change the fundamentals of ground combat. They are an extra capability; they do not replace the veteran capabilities that were reduced because the IDF believed they were no longer needed.”

Finally, he said, Israel will have to adapt to the need to conduct long wars, which require large forces and large ammunition stockpiles, as well as spare parts, accompanied by enhanced wartime production to reduce the dependence on United States aid.

Hecht added that the IDF proved itself highly capable of conducting focused, powerful air-to-ground campaigns, as well as special operations and counter-guerilla operations, but that these do not replace the need for traditional massed ground operations.

Lengthen mandatory service?

On Dec. 5, Army Radio reported that the IDF would be purchasing some 15,000 quadcopters, enlarging its Combat Engineering Corps and creating new infantry units that would have access to advanced armored personnel carriers. In addition, female field observation soldiers will be armed with personal firearms, as part of changes to the ground forces, and observation posts will be moved away from border areas, following lessons learned from the Oct. 7 surprise assault by Hamas.

The IDF is also seeking to lengthen mandatory service to 36 months for most male soldiers to boost personnel numbers. The report said the ground forces have been conducting force build-up processes already during the war over the past year, aimed at creating a larger and better-equipped ground army.

On Nov. 25, the Prime Minister’s Office, Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Finance announced in a joint statement that the Ministerial Procurement Committee approved billions of shekels in procurement and force-building projects for the IDF.

The acquisitions were made in line with the recommendations of the Nagel Committee, which was established in August 2024 to provide consultations on the security budget and the future of Israeli military force building. The committee approved several acquisitions, including the Reshef project—the next navy corvette—as well as the acquisition of hundreds of Joint Light Tactical Vehicles (JLTVs).

The post IDF Relearning the Basics While Modernizing for Future Threats first appeared on Algemeiner.com.

Esau and Jacob reconcile. Photo: Francesco Hayez.

JNS.org – Who do you think is more likely to succeed, a yeshivah student with limited secular education or a university graduate with a degree? I imagine the statistics would confirm that the latter usually do better in terms of salary packages and income.

But increasingly, we are seeing a shift in that divide. A woman in South Africa recently shared her experiences in the workplace on LinkedIn, and it elicited a huge response in the online community. Esther Ekoko had several degrees but couldn’t find a job for years. She explains that employers are no longer interested in degrees but in experience, initiative and the skills an individual brings to a company.

She acknowledges the importance of education, but as a formerly unemployed with multiple degrees, her fortunes improved when she learned two digital skills: copywriting and data analysis. Her advice to job-seekers was that a degree is not enough; learn a skill and network.

This week in Parshat Vayishlach we read the dramatic story of the reunion between the estranged twin brothers, Jacob and Esau. Jacob’s messengers report that Esau is coming with murder on his mind, seeking to avenge Jacob’s procurement of the birthright and the blessings of their father, Isaac. Jacob prepares for war should it be necessary. He also prays to God for his family’s safety and employs a significant diplomatic initiative by sending his brother a huge gift of hundreds of animals stretching for miles.

Where did Jacob acquire so much wealth? The answer is that after working for his father-in-law, Laban, for 20 years, he left with enormous numbers of livestock. His gift to Esau was a fraction of what he had amassed in the farming business.

But Jacob was a yeshivah bucher, a student whose education was exclusively in Torah. He is described in the Bible as “a dweller of tents,” a reference to the proverbial “Tent of Torah.” Could this naive yeshivah student rival his brother Esau, who never stepped into a yeshivah and was a man of the world? Yes. When Esau protested and begged Jacob to keep the large gift he had sent him, Jacob declined and said he had all that he needed. Jacob was a very wealthy man.

May I be so bold as to suggest that we are now seeing many such “Jacobs” today, whose main education was studying Torah and who have done exceptionally well in a broad variety of businesses. We can debate over whether Talmudic study has sharpened their minds to succeed in business, or it is the blessings from God above (or both), but the bottom line is that the sands are shifting, and we should take note.

John Major was the youngest prime minister of England in the 20th century. Only much later did he reveal that he was a high school dropout. Guess what, he wasn’t impeached.

Now, I’m not suggesting that we raise a generation of dropouts, but we could use a rethinking and reassessment of our educational system. Is it working? The disrupters are making huge changes in today’s world. Perhaps we need some disruption in our educational system, too.

We are currently witnessing a serious breakdown in the world of higher education with many of our students becoming so “liberal” as to lose all common sense. Traditional family values are despised, and every type of “alternative” lifestyle is praised—all in the name of enlightenment and a so-called “progressive” philosophy of life. People would do well to heed the advice of scientist Carl Sagan, who was the first to advise us to “keep an open mind, but not so open that your brains fall out!”

And, of course, the Palestinian agenda has been adopted by many American students who are completely ignorant of the history of the Middle East and have no idea which sea or river they’re chanting about. It may as well be the Mississippi. They simply get caught up in the popularity of the campus movement of the day. Today, “Free Palestine” is the flavor of the month. I hope by next year they get back to saving the whales or the ozone layer.

Albert Einstein famously said that “education is what you’re left with when you’ve forgotten everything they taught you in school.” We need values just as much as we need facts. It’s more important to be a mensch than to have a master’s.

And when you consider the raw, blatant and brazen antisemitism on college campuses today, we could do with a serious reset and rethink. No wonder talk show host Dennis Prager advises parents not to send their kids to college. Just look at what the deans of the top Ivy League universities had to say last fall about calls of genocide on their campuses regarding Jews. That it depends on the “context!”

Maybe we should all take a leaf out of Jacob’s book and pay more attention to the study of what’s really important in life. Who knows? We may become millionaires, too.

The post Degrees or Direction? first appeared on Algemeiner.com.

A general view shows the plaza of the Western Wall in Jerusalem, amid the coronavirus pandemic, May 6, 2020. Photo: Reuters / Ronen Zvulun.

JNS.org – In just a few weeks, the Jewish people will celebrate Chanukah, commemorating the end of the Greek occupation of Jerusalem and the restoration of Jewish sovereignty to Jerusalem. The Maccabees lit a menorah, and as we know, though there was only enough oil for one night, the menorah stayed lit for seven more nights nights.

That menorah was located on the Temple Mount, the holiest site in Judaism, below which stands the Western Wall. Those who claim that Judaism has nothing to do with Zionism or claim that the Jewish people are not the indigenous people of Israel epitomize antisemitic rejection of documented Jewish history in Israel and the Jewish celebration of Chanukah.

The Palestinian Liberation Organization, which decades later would become the Palestinian Authority, was formed in 1964—three years before Israel’s victory in the Six-Day War and the start of the so-called Israeli “occupation” of Jerusalem, Judea and Samaria. Article 24 of the PLO’s original “National Covenant” states: “This organization does not exercise any regional sovereignty over the West Bank in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, on the Gaza Strip or the Himmah Area. Its activities will be on the national popular level in the liberation, organizational, political and financial fields.”

In other words, the PLO, at its inception, gave up any claims to Jerusalem, Judea and Samaria, as well as Gaza, because Jordan controlled eastern Jerusalem, Judea and Samaria, and Egypt controlled Gaza. All the PLO cared about was destroying the small Jewish State of Israel in its 1949 borders.

The Jewish people’s claim to Israel is based upon the fact that God gave the land to the Jews, as the Torah makes clear when God spoke to Abraham and told him to travel to Israel, and again when God told Moses and the Jewish people after leaving Egyptian slavery to journey to Israel. A famous biblical commentator, the Chizkuni, wrote hundreds of years ago that Noah owned the world at the end of the flood, and he gave the land of Israel to his son Shem, who then gave it to his descendant, the forefather of the Jewish people, Abraham. Another famous commentator, the Maharal of Prague, said that the seven nations in the land when the Jews left Egypt were all invaders and had no right to the land of Israel. The Bible even records the purchases of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem by King David, the Cave of the Patriarchs and Matriarchs, Machpela in Hebron by Abraham and Joseph’s Tomb by Jacob in Shechem (modern-day Nablus).

The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance’s (IHRA) working definition of antisemitism makes it clear that those who oppose the existence of Israel are antisemitic. King David made Jerusalem the capital of Israel more than 3,000 years ago, and the two Jewish Temples were located on the Temple Mount, the last one having been destroyed by the Romans 2,000 years ago.

The Jews never gave up their rights to Israel. Even under Ottoman Turkish rule, when there was limited ability for Jews to return to their homeland, a 1906 Baedeker travel guide listed the population of Jerusalem as consisting of 40,000 Jews, 13,000 Christians and 7,000 Muslims. The international community agreed to the Jewish right to the Land of Israel and a right of return for Jews to Israel at San Remo in 1920, in a unanimous League of Nations Resolution in 1922 and in the Anglo-American Treaty that was ratified by the U.S. Senate and signed by President Calvin Coolidge in 1925. Article 80 in the U.N. Charter affirmed the binding nature of the League of Nations decisions.

Palestinian Arab rioting in Hebron in 1929 massacred 67 Jews, and the subsequent massacres of more than 500 Jews between 1936 and 1938 led to the British White Paper, which restricted Jewish immigration while allowing Arab immigration. A bipartisan majority of 15 members of the U.S. House Foreign Affairs Committee at the time declared in a public letter that the British White Paper violated the Anglo-American Treaty. It also meant that the Jews of Europe had no place to go to escape Hitler. The result was six million Jewish deaths.

The Holocaust had nothing to do with the establishment of the State of Israel, if anything, there was greater world support for Israel before the Holocaust, when U.S. presidents Wilson, Teddy Roosevelt, Harding, Coolidge and Hoover were all counted among those who supported the establishment of a Jewish state. The United Nations reiterated their support for a Jewish state in U.N. Resolution 181 in November 1947, and the Arab world rejected a two-state solution of an Arab state alongside a Jewish state. Israel only came into existence in a fight for its survival without a single ally, as President Harry Truman would not provide arms to Israel, and only Czechoslovakia sold arms to Israel. The Jewish state had to smuggle arms from America. President Lyndon Johnson would not even assist Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War and only supplied Israel with military arms after Israel was successful in the war.

Former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and the former head of the Israeli Shin Bet, Ami Ayalon, recently stated that if they had grown up as Palestinian Arabs they would have become terrorists. We actually know someone who grew up as a Palestinian Arab terrorist and who came to the belief that this was wrong—Mosab Hassan Yousef, the son of a Hamas leader, Sheikh Hassan Yousef. Mosab Hassan Yousef is an eloquent defender of the Jewish right to Israel. He has shown that it does not matter what kind of family someone grows up in when there is a clear objective case of right and wrong. It is difficult to grow up among evil people as he has done and change one’s ways, yet he has done so. Barak and Ayalon, however, still fail to see the objective Jewish right to Israel.

May we incorporate in our Chanukah celebrations the acknowledgment of the miracle of the restoration, after 2,000 years, of Jewish sovereignty once again over Jerusalem.

The post Denying Jewish Sovereignty of Israel is Antisemitic first appeared on Algemeiner.com.