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A catalogue that portrays the history of Yiddish creativity around the world

עס איז דאָ אַ פֿאַרשפּרײטע מײנונג, אַז ייִדיש איז די שפּראַך פֿונעם אַלטהײמישן שטעטל, און װען ייִדן האָבן פֿאַרלאָזט זײער אַלטע הײם, האָבן זײ בהדרגה פֿאַרגעסן זײער מאַמע־לשון. אײניקע באַרימטע ייִדישע מחברים, צװישן זײ שלום־יעקבֿ אַבראַמאָװיטש, יצחק לײבוש פּרץ, מיכה־יוסף בערדיטשעװסקי, האָבן אױך ניט געגלױבט, אַז ייִדיש װעט האָבן אַ קיום אין גרױסע מאָדערנע שטעט, שױן אָפּגערעדט פֿון דער נײַער װעלט אױף יענער זײַט אַטאַלנטישן אָקעאַן.

די נײַע אױסשטעלונג „ייִדיש: אַ גלאָבאַלע קולטור“ אין דער ייִדישער ביכער־צענטראַלע אין אַמהערסט, מאַסאַטשוסעטס, פֿרעגט אָפּ די דאָזיקע דעה. אַן אילוסטרירטע מאַפּע פֿונעם אַלװעלטלעכן ייִדישלאַנד װײַזט, אַז אינעם צװאַנציקסטן יאָרהונדערט האָט די ייִדיש־קולטור — ליטעראַטור, קונסט, פּרעסע און טעאַטער — געבליט אױף אַלע קאָנטינענטן. צו דער אױסשטעלונג האָט מען אַרױסגעגעבן אַ פּרעכטיקן קאַטאַלאָג, װאָס אַנטפּלעקט די געשיכטע פֿון דער פֿאַרשפּרײטונג פֿון ייִדיש איבער דער װעלט.

דוד מאַזאָװער, דער קוראַטאָר פֿון דער אױסשטעלונג, האָט צוגעצױגן צו דעם דאָזיקן פּראָיעקט העכער װי הונדערט פֿאָרשער פֿון פֿאַרשײדענע אַספּעקטן פֿון דער ייִדיש־קולטור (מיך בתוכם). דאָס האָט אים דערמעגלעכט צונױפֿצושטעלן אַן אַרומנעמיקע און ביז גאָר פֿאַרכאַפּנדיקע געשיכטע פֿונעם גלאָבאַלן ייִדיש.

 דער דאָזיקער פּראָיעקט האָט אַ פּערזענלעכן חשיבֿות פֿאַר מאַזאָװערן, אַן אוראײניקל פֿון שלום אַש. ער דערצײלט אין דער הקדמה צום קאַטאַלאָג, אַז זײַן אײגענע משפּחה־געשיכטע, װאָס ער האָט קינדװײַז געהערט פֿון דער באָבען, אַשעס טאָכטער, איז געװאָרן בײַ אים אַ טױער אין דער װעלט פֿון ייִדיש. שלום אַש האָט אױך געדינט װי אַ װעגװײַזער אין דער װעלט פֿון דער מאָדערנער ייִדישקײט: „אַ לײַדנשאַפֿטלעכער אײראָפּעער, אַ שטאָלצער ייִד און אַ געטרײַער — כאָטש שפּעטער איז ער אַנטױשט געװאָרן — אַמעריקאַנער.“

די כּװנה פֿון דער אױסשטעלונג, דערקלערט מאַזאָװער, איז צו װײַזן ייִדיש װי אַן אַלטװעלטלעכע מאָדערנע קולטור פֿאַרן ברײטן עולם. מען װיל באַטאָנען די פֿילזײַטיקײט פֿון זשאַנערס, סטילן און פֿאָרמען פֿון ייִדישער שעפֿערישקײט אין פֿאַרשײדענע לענדער און קולטורעלע סבֿיבֿות, מיט אַ טראָפּ אױף דער בולטער ראָלע פֿון פֿרױען.

במשך פֿון די לעצטע כּמעט האַלב־יאָרהונדערט יאָר האָט די ייִדישע ביכער־צענטראַלע אָנגעזאַמלט אַ רײַכע קאָלעקציע פֿון ביז גאָר פֿאַרשײדענע מאַטעריאַלן — ביכער, צײַטשריפֿטן, קונסטװערק, אַפֿישן, מוזיק, פּריװאַטע דאָקומענטן, חפֿצים און אַפֿילו שרײַבמאַשינען. אינעם קאַטאַלאָג דערצײלן זײ אַ לעבעדיקע און פֿאַרכאַפּנדיקע געשיכטע פֿון ייִדיש.

דאָס איז ניט קײן געשיכטע פֿונעם ליטעראַרישן אָדער קולטורעלן קאַנאָן, שרײַבט מאַזאָװער, נאָר אַן „עקלעקטישער מישמאַש פֿון די באַרימטע און די געמײנע, די גרױסע און די אומבאַקאַנטע“, װאָס איז אַרומנעמיק אָבער ניט ענציקלאָפּעדיש. כּדי צו העלפֿן דעם לײענער אָריִענטירן זיך אין אָט דעם מישמאַש האָט מען צוגעגעבן אַ היסטאָרישע כראָנאָלאָגיע מיט װיכטיקע געשעענישן און דאַטעס. אַ נוצלעכן היסטאָרישן איבערזיכט פֿון דער ייִדיש־ליטעראַטור האָט אָנגעשריבן דער ליטעראַטור־פּראָפֿעסאָר דוד ראָסקעס פֿונעם ייִדישן טעאָלאָגישן סעמינאַר.

דער קאַטאַלאָג איז בלי־גוזמא אַ קונסטװערק. ער אַנטפּלעקט דורך בילדער און קורצע מעשׂיות די רײַכע פּאַנאָראַמע פֿון ייִדישער שעפֿערישקײט. מען זעט אַ היפּשע צאָל פֿאַרשײדנאַרטיקע שער־בלעטער פֿון ייִדישע ביכער און צײַטשריפֿטן ווי למשל אַ ייִדיש לערנבוך פֿון אַראַביש פֿאַר ייִדישע זעלנער אין דער בריטאַנישער אַרמײ אין ארץ־ישׂראל בעת דער ערשטער װעלט־מלחמה; אַן אַמאָליקער בעסטסעלער, „פֿלאָראַ: די בילד־שײנע פֿאַבריק־מײדל“ — אַ ראָמאַן אין המשכים פֿון 2,768 זײַטן, װאָס איז אַרױס אין סינסינאַטי אין 1909; סאָװעטישע קינדערביכער פֿון די 1920ער יאָרן מיט אַװאַנגאַרדיסטישע בילדער פֿון אל ליסיצקי און נתן אַלטמאַן און שאַרפֿזיניקע קאַריקאַטורן פֿונעם ניו־יאָרקער סאַטירישן זשורנאַל „דער גרױסער קונדס“.

מען קען אויך באַזוכן י. ל. פּרצעס ליטעראַרישן סאַלאָן אין װאַרשע. דאָ זעט מען פּרצעס אײגענע האַנט־געשריבענע נאָטיצן, זעלטענע פֿריִע אױסגאַבעס פֿון זײַנע דראַמעס מיט אילוסטראַציעס פֿונעם קינסטלער שמעון בער קראַטקאַ, װי אױך פּאָרטרעטן פֿון 24 ייִדישע ליטעראַטן, װאָס האָבן געהאַט אַ פֿאַרבינדונג מיטן גרױסן מײַסטער.

מען קען אױך אַרײַנקוקן אין פּרץ הירשבײנס רײַזע־קופֿערט, װאָס האָט אים באַגלײט אױף זײַנע נסיעות איבער דער װעלט. דאָ געפֿינט מען טשאַטשקעס און פֿאָטאָס, װאָס הירשבײן און זײַן פֿרױ אסתּר שומיאַטשער האָבן מיטגעבראַכט פֿון יאַפּאַן, טיבעט און דרום־אַפֿריקע.

זײער אַ רײַכער אָפּטײל איז געװידמעט דעם ייִדישן טעאַטער אין אַלע ייִדישע תּפֿוצות. דאָס איז מאַזאָװערס באַליבטע טעמע. כּמעט מיט פֿערציק יאָר צוריק האָט ער צוגעגרײט אַן אױסשטעלונג װעגן דעם ייִדישן טעאַטער אינעם לאָנדאָנער ייִדישן מוזײ. פֿאַר מיר איז געװען אַ חידוש צו זען אַ קאָלעקטיװן פּאָרטרעט פֿון דער טרופּע, װאָס האָט אינעם יאָר 1908 אױפֿגעפֿירט אַבֿרהם גאָלדפֿאַדנס „בר כּוכבא“ אין יפֿו, ארץ־ישׂראל.

בילדער װערן באַגלײט מיט קורצע דערקלערונגען, װאָס העלפֿן פֿאַרשטײן זײער מײן און באַטײַט און גיבן צו אַ לעבעדיקן שטריך, אָדער אַ טשיקאַװן אַנעקדאָט. דער געראָטענער דיזײַן ברענגט האַרמאָניש צונױף די בילדער מיטן טעקסט. דאָס איז אַ בוך, װאָס עס װילט זיך בלעטערן און באַװוּנדערן. בלי־ספֿק איז דאָס דער בעסטער אַרײַנפֿיר אין ייִדיש הײַנט־צו־טאָג (און אױך אַ שײנע מתּנה לכּבֿוד חנוכּה).

מאַזאָװער דערמאָנט, אַז ער װאָלט געװאָלט אַריבערפֿירן דעם קאַטאַלאָג אױף דער אינטערנעץ. דער עלעקטראָנישער פֿאָרמאַט װאָלט געלאָזט צוגעבן נײַע טעמעס און מאַטעריאַלן, אַזעלכע װי ייִדיש אין שטעטל, חסידות, פֿאָלקלאָר און ייִדיש אין ישׂראל.

דאָס װאָלט געװען זײער אַ װיכטיקער פּראָיעקט, אי פֿאַרן ברײטן עולם, אי פֿאַר לערער און תּלמידים פֿון ייִדיש. אַזאַ מין פּערמאַנענטע עלעקטראָנישע אױסשטעלונג װאָלט באַזאָרגט מאַטעריאַלן פֿאַר כּלערלײ קלאַסן און קורסן װעגן ייִדיש־קולטור אױף פֿאַרשײדענע מדרגות.

The post A catalogue that portrays the history of Yiddish creativity around the world appeared first on The Forward.

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Grok said Hebrew translation was disabled on X — but it’s not

Despite what you may have heard, Hebrew translation still works on X. But allegations that the platform had disabled translation for Hebrew went viral after Grok, the AI chatbot built into the platform, said Hebrew was disabled because posts in the language were likely to encourage violence. As it turns out, the AI was hallucinating — the real question is why.

The rumor seems to have started because a Hebrew post advertising a pop group’s new single, “I, Butterfly,” was not working with the translation tools on the site. An account with the name “Red Pill Media” — though the bio for the account only says “America First,” and does not link to any media site — took a screenshot of an error message pop-up saying that Hebrew was not supported “for this translation.” They then shared the photo with a caption alleging that Hebrew translation was gone because “Jews were calling for genocide on this app without getting suspended.”

In the comments of this post, someone tagged Grok to ask why Hebrew wasn’t available. “Translation from Hebrew was disabled because it often amplified inflammatory or policy-violating content, like calls for violence, to a global audience via inaccurate or literal renditions,” the bot replied. “It’s about platform integrity amid documented spikes in Hebrew hate speech.”

Many people took this as an official confirmation from X that Hebrew translation had been turned off.

But while engineers, and the platform’s owner, Elon Musk, often tinker with the AI’s responses — for example, Musk made Grok more right-wing, and programmed it to flatter him — it largely consumes responses on X itself as its training material, which means that it is easy to mislead it. This is particularly the case on new, viral topics that its programmers have not had time to put up safeguards around.

In the comments on the original post, users speculated as to why the translation wasn’t working, quickly coming up with nefarious explanations. One user posited, or joked, that there was a Mein Kampf excerpt in the caption. Others guessed that it was an effort to “protect hate speech” in Hebrew so that English speakers can’t condemn it or use it to criticize Israel.

The original post that Grok could not translate contained no hate speech at all. It simply lists the song’s composers and the members of the band. (The translation issue may have stemmed from the fact that the song’s title was in English, and mixing characters from different alphabets confused the translation software.) But that didn’t stop false ideas about what it said from circulating. This is likely how Grok came to its conclusion — by consuming and regurgitating the conspiracy theories that users had themselves generated.

Chatbots and AIs are prone to hallucinations like this because of the way that they are trained; they tend to use human-generated input as their main source of information, which means that they are easily influenced by people’s own thoughts, incorrect beliefs and conspiracy theories. (This is also why they are prone to spouting neo-Nazi talking points without safeguards; there’s a lot of those floating around on the internet that the programs learned from.)

In fact, the error message in the screenshot saying that Hebrew was not available for that translation was not actually part of X; it was a pop-up from Apple Translation, the iPhone’s built-in translation tool, which was probably also confused by the mixed alphabets. And Grok has elsewhere confirmed that Hebrew can be translated on X, and that mixed alphabets cause a glitch. Still, theories continue to swirl that Grok may be refusing to translate Hebrew posts that include hate speech as part of an effort to reduce outcry against Israel.

But whether or not it’s good for the Jews, it’s still perfectly possible to translate plenty of racist statements in Hebrew, and any other language.

The post Grok said Hebrew translation was disabled on X — but it’s not appeared first on The Forward.

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French Court Cuts Sentence for Teen in Antisemitic Gang Rape of 12-Year-Old Jewish Girl

France, Paris, 20/06/2024. Gathering at place de la Bastille after the anti Semitic rape of a 12 year old girl in Courbevoie. Photography by Myriam Tirler / Hans Lucas.

More than a year after the brutal gang rape of a 12-year-old Jewish girl, a French court has dramatically reduced the sentence of one of the two teenagers convicted in the attack, citing his “need to prepare for future reintegration.”

On Tuesday, the Versailles Court of Appeal retried one of the convicted boys — the only one to challenge his sentence — behind closed doors, ultimately reducing his term from nine to seven years and imposing an educational measure, the French news outlet Le Parisien reported. 

“The court took into account the entire case as provided for by law: the facts, their seriousness, but also the personality of the minor and the need to prepare for future reintegration,” the boy’s lawyer Melody Blanc said in a statement. 

The original sentences, handed down in June, gave the two boys — who were 13 years old at the time of the incident — seven and nine years in prison, respectively, after they were convicted on charges of group rape, physical violence, and death threats aggravated by antisemitic hatred.

The third boy involved in the attack, the girl’s ex-boyfriend, was accused of threatening her and orchestrating the attack, also motivated by racist prejudice.

Because the girl’s ex-boyfriend was under 13 at the time of the attack, he did not face prison and was instead sentenced to five years in an educational facility. 

The lawyers of the victim, Muriel Ouaknine-Melki and Oudy Bloch, praised “the courage of [their] client” for confronting her attackers and ensuring that two of them were imprisoned.

According to police reports from the time, the two French boys cornered the girl on June 15, 2024, inside an empty building in Courbevoie, a northwestern suburb of Paris, questioned her about her Jewish identity, and then physically assaulted and raped her.

The assailants who were Muslim also allegedly called the victim a “dirty Jew” and uttered other antisemitic remarks during the brutal gang-rape.

Under threat of death, she was forced to perform penetrative and oral sex on two of the boys, while her ex-boyfriend threatened to burn her cheek with a lighter and attempted to make her sit on her handbag, which he had set ablaze.

Local reports indicate that part of the assault was recorded, and at least one assailant allegedly demanded 200 euros from the girl to withhold the footage, which was eventually circulated.

The ex-boyfriend sent footage of the assault to a boy the girl had gone out with that afternoon, with the message “Look at your chick,” according to law enforcement. After receiving such a message, the boy informed the girl’s family, who found her an hour after the attack.

“Before letting her leave, they made her swear on Allah not to say anything and that she should not tell anyone, neither her parents nor the police,” the girl’s mother told Le Parisien at the time.

The three-day trial, held behind closed doors, took place in a regional juvenile court in Nanterre, a suburb west of Paris.

During the proceedings, the judge explained that the severity of the sentence came “in view of their concerning personality traits and the immense social disturbance.”

“There is no doubt that [the victim] would not have been assaulted or raped if she had not been Jewish,” the judge said at the time.

The brutal crime sparked outrage throughout France and among the Jewish community, unfolding against the backdrop of a disturbing surge in antisemitism that has gripped the country since the Hamas-led invasion of and massacre across southern Israel on Oct. 7, 2023.

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Miami Dolphins QB Tua Tagovailoa says he wants to play an NFL game in Jerusalem

(JTA) — The phrase “Next year in Jerusalem” is customarily spoken at the end of the Passover seder. But this past weekend its sentiment was conveyed at the end of a different kind of gathering: a low-scoring NFL game between the Miami Dolphins and Washington Commanders.

“Shoot, it’d be pretty cool to go play in Jerusalem,” Dolphins quarterback Tua Tagovailoa said postgame.

The game — which the Dolphins won 16-13 in overtime — was the NFL’s first in Spain, as part of a growing international series that’s seen contests played in England, Germany, Brazil, Ireland and Mexico.

Tagovailoa, a Christian, was asked where else he’d like to play after experiencing Madrid and previously Frankfurt, Germany. And his answer caught the eye of a high-ranking diplomat: Mike Huckabee, the United States Ambassador to Israel.

“Tua is right,” Huckabee wrote on X. “Bringing an NFL game to Israel is a great idea. Next year in Jerusalem…I like the sound of that.”

The suggestion comes amid an increasingly contested role for Israel as a host in global sporting events. EuroLeague basketball is supposed to return next month, and officials from the league are in Israel now to assess conditions before finalizing the plan. 

Soccer, too, has been a fraught space for Israeli participation. The Union of European Football Associations had been set to vote on suspending Israel but paused the process after the ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza that began last month. Some want the organization to return to the deliberations, with Ireland’s soccer federation submitting a motion earlier this month to ban Israel from all UEFA competition for “organising clubs in occupied Palestinian territories without the consent of the Palestinian FA” and “the alleged failure of the IFA [Israel Football Association] to enforce an effective anti-racism policy.”

Tagovailoa’s comments on playing in Israel did not mark the first time speaking about the country during a postgame media availability. Following a home game on Oct. 15, 2023, Tagovailoa paused the press conference to talk about Hamas’ attack on Israel, which had taken place just over a week earlier.

“I didn’t really realize how bad things were in Israel,” Tagovailoa said. “And just wanted to bring to the attention for those who don’t necessarily understand things that are going on, that it really is bad.”

He added, “I don’t know what we’ve come to, but just my thoughts, my prayers are out with those people in Israel,” continuing on to note that there is “also the Ukraine and Russia war still going on as well.”

There has been no indication from the NFL about a potential game in Israel, though Robert Kraft — the American billionaire owner of the New England Patriots, who is Jewish and founded the Blue Square Alliance against Hate, formerly called the Foundation to Combat Antisemitism — sponsored the construction of the Kraft Family Sports Campus in Jerusalem, which includes an American football field. The adjacent park, Gan Sacher, is routinely home to informal football and flag football games.

Meanwhile, the capacity of Jerusalem’s largest stadium, Teddy Stadium, is just 31,000. Attendance at the NFL’s international games have ranged from upwards of 86,000 to, at their lowest, 47,000.

The post Miami Dolphins QB Tua Tagovailoa says he wants to play an NFL game in Jerusalem appeared first on The Forward.

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