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Israel’s Understanding of Time
Israeli flag. Photo: Eduardo Castro / Pixabay.
JNS.org – For Israel, it’s all about chronology. Time represents both the most critical determinant of Israel’s survival and the context within which such survival must be ensured. As with an individual human being, time is also the reciprocal of death. This vital relationship is currently most conspicuous regarding Hamas and Hezbollah, but it is most urgently meaningful regarding war with Iran.
For Israel, successful geopolitics will necessarily center on this impending war. Whether the expected conflict will be sudden or incremental, its consequences could prove existential. Of greatest significance for Israel will be avoiding a nuclear war. Inter alia, this objective will be contingent on Jerusalem’s “use of time.”
What can these ambiguous observations mean for Israel in operational terms? What might be learned about the estimable probabilities of an unmanageable war with Iran? Hezbollah’s fighting capacities are greater than those of all other jihadist terror organizations, singularly and cumulatively. These belligerent capacities present a strategic threat to Israel even apart from their Iranian backing.
A key question now arises for Israel: To what extent could a greater conceptual awareness of time generate calculable security advantages for the beleaguered Jewish state?
Though generally unrecognized, Hezbollah and Israel’s other principal terrorist adversaries define authentic victory from the bewildering standpoint of “power over death.” For all these recalcitrant foes, becoming a “martyr” (shahid) represents “power over time.” Accordingly, Jerusalem will need to think about how best to undermine such intangible but determinative notions of power.
In Jerusalem, “real-time” ought never to be interpreted solely in terms of clock measurements. But what would constitute a suitably personalized and policy-centered theory of time?
Whether explicit or implicit, Israeli security analyses should contain theory-based elements of chronology. Israel’s many-sided struggle against war and terror will need to be conducted with more intellectually determined and nuanced concepts of time. Though seemingly “impractical,” such “felt time” or “inner time” conceptualizations could sometimes reveal more about Israel’s core survival problem than any easily decipherable measurements of clocks.
The pertinent notion of “felt time” or “time-as-lived” has its origins in ancient Israel. By rejecting time as a simple linear progression, the early Hebrews approached chronology as a qualitative experience. Once it had been dismissed as something that could submit only to quantitative measures, time began to be understood by seminal Jewish thinkers as a distinctly subjective quality. This view identified time as inseparable from its personally infused content.
In terms of current threats from Iran, Israeli planners should consider chronology not only at the most obvious operational levels (e.g., how much “time” before Iran becomes nuclear?), but also at the level of individual Iranian decision-makers (e.g., what do authoritative leaders in Tehran think about time in shaping their nuclear plans vis-à-vis Israel?).
From its beginnings, the Jewish prophetic vision was one of a community living “in time.” In this formative view, political space or geography was palpably important, but not because of territoriality. Instead, the relevance of particular geographic spaces stemmed from certain unique events that had presumably taken place within their boundaries.
It’s time to return to expressly tactical and strategic issues. For Israel, security policy enhancements should include support for “escalation dominance.” When Israel and Iran are engaged in continuous direct warfare, each adversary can be expected to seek primacy during unprecedented episodes of escalation but to accomplish this objective without heightening the risks of an existential conflict. Among other things, any such expectation would require mutual assumptions of enemy rationality.
There will be multiple particulars. If it could be determined that Iran and/or Hezbollah accept a short time horizon in their search for tangible “victory” over Israel, any Israeli response to enemy aggressions would have to be “swift” in the traditional sense. If it would seem that the presumed enemy time horizon was calculably longer, Jerusalem’s expected response could still be more or less incremental. For Israel, this would mean relying more on the relatively passive dynamics of military deterrence and military defense than on any active strategies of nuclear war fighting.
In the final analysis, the worst case for Israel would be to face an irrational Iran. Moreover, this could happen simultaneously with the appearance of the Hezbollah suicide bomber in microcosm: the flesh-and-blood individual terrorist. Of special interest to Israel’s prime minister and general staff, therefore, should be the hidden time horizons of this jihadist suicide bomber. In essence, this self-defiling terror-criminal is so afraid of “not being” that any plan for “suicide” will be intended as personal death avoidance. Prima facie, such a plan is not “only” literal nonsense; it is also patent cowardice.
An aspiring suicide bomber opposing Israel sees himself or herself as a religious sacrificer. This signals a jihadist adversary’s desperate hope to escape from time that lacks any “sacred” meaning. The relevant jihadist adversary could be an individual Hezbollah terrorist, the sovereign state of Iran or both acting in tandem.
What should Israel do with all such informed understandings of its Islamist adversaries’ concept of time? Jerusalem’s immediate policy response should be to convince both aspiring Hezbollah suicide bombers and Iranian national leaders that their intended “sacrifices” could never elevate them or their societies above the immutably mortal limits of time. This will be an intellectual problem, not a political problem.
Israeli policy-makers will need to recognize certain dense problems of chronology as policy-relevant quandaries. They will also need to acknowledge to themselves that any plausible hopes for national security and “escalation dominance” should be informed by reason. In Jerusalem, all ordinary considerations of domestic politics and global geopolitics will need to be understood as both reflective and transient.
“As earthlings,” comments Hoosier author Kurt Vonnegut, “all have had to believe whatever clocks said.” As necessary fonts of national security decision-making, Israeli strategic thinkers now have it in their power to look beyond the simplifying hands of clocks and investigate more policy-purposeful meanings of time. For Jerusalem, exercising such latent intellectual power could offer a survival posture of potentially unimaginable value. In the final analysis, Israel must survive in a subjective time that is “felt” by its enemies while it is being measured by clocks.
The post Israel’s Understanding of Time first appeared on Algemeiner.com.
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70 Percent of Holocaust Survivors Worldwide Will Be Gone Within a Decade, Groundbreaking Report Reveals
Auschwitz-Birkenau survivor Janina Iwanska, 94, holds an undated photo from her return to Poland, during a Reuters session ahead of the 80th anniversary of Auschwitz’s liberation, Warsaw, Poland, Jan. 7, 2025. Photo: REUTERS/Kacper Pempel
A first-of-its-kind report released on Tuesday reveals staggering numbers about the global population of Holocaust survivors, including an estimated count of how many will still be around in the next 10 or 15 years.
The report provides an in-depth population projection of Jewish Holocaust survivors and estimated mortality rates through 2040. It was published ahead of Israel’s Holocaust Remembrance Day (Yom HaShoah), which begins the evening of April 23 and marks 80 years since the end of the atrocities of World War II. The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference) released the report, which is based on extensive data collected by the nonprofit organization since 1952.
The Claims Conference secures material compensation for Holocaust survivors around the world, specifically direct payments or social welfare services through ongoing negotiations between the organization and the government of Germany, according to its website. It negotiates on behalf of and disburses funds to Holocaust survivors, and fights for the return of Jewish property stolen during the Holocaust. Because of negotiations with the Claims Conference, the German government has so far paid approximately $90 billion in compensation and restitution to survivors of Nazi persecution.
In its new report – titled “Vanishing Witnesses: An Urgent Analysis of the Declining Population of Holocaust Survivors” – the Claims Conference reveals there are more than 200,000 Holocaust survivors worldwide, and that number is estimated to drop to 21,300 – almost a 90 percent decline – within 15 years.
Currently, the median age of Holocaust survivors is 87, but there are estimated to be more than 1,400 alive today around the world who are over 100 years old. Nearly 50 percent of all Holocaust survivors will die within the next six years, while 70 percent will no longer be alive within 10 years, the report notes. Mortality rates for Holocaust survivors are analyzed and divided in the report by sex, birth year, region, type of compensation received, and the level of home care that they have. For example, mortality rates are higher for men than for women.
There are some regional disparities regarding the mortality rates for survivors, meaning that in some geographical locations, survivors will die sooner, according to the report. For example, in Israel, which is home to the largest number of Holocaust survivors worldwide (110,100 survivors as of October 2024), there will be an estimated 62,900 survivors by 2030, a decline of 43 percent in five years, and 29,700 survivors by the year 2035.
The United States had 34,600 Holocaust survivors in the fall of 2024, but that population is estimated to decrease by 39 percent by 2030, dropping to 21,100 survivors.
Countries in the former Soviet Union had 25,500 survivors in October 2024, but the survivor population is projected to be at 11,800 in five years, down 54 percent by the start of 2030, according to the Claims Conference.
The highest mortality rates are among survivors in countries of the former Soviet Union, and the lowest rates are among survivors in Western Europe.
“It’s sobering to see exactly how few of us Holocaust survivors are left,” said Pinchas Gutter, one of the last Holocaust survivors of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. “We have an important piece of history that only we hold and only we can tell. I hope in the time we have we can impart the learning from the Holocaust so that the world will never again have to endure that level of hate. I am a witness. Those of us witnesses still alive are working to make sure our testimonies are heard and preserved through any means possible. We are counting on this generation to hear us and future generations to carry our experiences forward so that the world does not forget.”
Malka Schmulovitz, a 109-year-old Holocaust survivor from Lithuania living in Florida, said, “To be one of the oldest survivors alive right now at my age tells me we are running out of time.”
“We all have a testimony that needs to be shared,” she added. “We all want to be sure that this generation of young people and the ones that come after them, hear and understand what truly happened during the Holocaust; if only so that we do not see it repeated.”
Claims Conference President Gideon Taylor said the report highlights the “urgency” in hearing testimonies from Holocaust survivors while the world still has living eyewitnesses to the worst atrocity in human history.
“Now is the time to hear first-hand testimonies from survivors, invite them to speak in our classrooms, places of worship and institutions,” he said. “It is critical, not only for our youth but for people of all generations to hear and learn directly from Holocaust survivors. This report is a stark reminder that our time is almost up, our survivors are leaving us, and this is the moment to hear their voices.”
The Claims Conference also released on Tuesday the second edition of its global demographic report on Holocaust survivors, which shows that Jewish Holocaust survivors live in more than 90 countries, mostly in Israel (50 percent) while only 18 percent reside in North America. The global population of Holocaust survivors is between 78 years old and over 100, and a majority (61 percent) are female.
The post 70 Percent of Holocaust Survivors Worldwide Will Be Gone Within a Decade, Groundbreaking Report Reveals first appeared on Algemeiner.com.
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Cash-Strapped Hamas Seeks to Regroup With New Recruits as Egypt, Qatar Said to Push 5-Year Gaza Truce
A Palestinian Hamas terrorist shakes hands with a child as they stand guard as people gather on the day of the handover of Israeli hostages, as part of a ceasefire and a hostages-prisoners swap deal between Hamas and Israel, in Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip, Feb. 22, 2025. Photo: REUTERS/Ramadan Abed
Egypt and Qatar are negotiating a long-term ceasefire deal with the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas that would include a full Israeli withdrawal from Gaza and the release of Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails in exchange for the return of all hostages, according to a BBC report published Tuesday.
The report came as the cash-strapped terrorist group, which ruled Gaza for nearly two decades before its Oct. 7, 2023, invasion of southern Israel started the current war, was said to be reinforcing its military ranks by enlisting 30,000 new recruits.
Mediators from Egypt and Qatar presented a new framework to both parties, which included a five-to-seven-year truce, an end to Israel’s war in Gaza, the release of all remaining Israeli hostages held in the enclave, and the release of an undisclosed number of Palestinian detainees, the report said citing an unnamed senior Palestinian official.
Meanwhile, a separate report by the Saudi-owned Al Arabiya outlet said Hamas’s military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, has enlisted approximately 30,000 new recruits. Most of the new fighters had previously undergone training in covert camps, the report said, adding that they lacked advanced combat skills, having been trained primarily in guerrilla warfare, basic rocket attacks, and the use of improvised explosives.
The recruitment campaign came as Hamas confronted severe operational challenges. The Iran-backed Islamist group was short on drones and long-range missile systems and had begun harvesting unexploded Israeli munitions from the battlefield to construct improvised explosive devices, the Al Arabiya report said.
National security expert Prof. Eitan Shamir said the new recruits were no substitute for the cadre of experienced operatives the group had lost since the war resumed in March — losses that, according to Israeli military estimates earlier this year, totaled around 20,000.
Shamir said the new recruits were likely “very young or old,” and largely “inexperienced and untrained.” He also noted that Hamas no longer had the experienced commanders or the equipment it once did.
“Even if the numbers [of operatives] partially rebound, it’s not the same Hamas,” Shamir told The Algemeiner.
Shamir added that Hamas had lost much of its chain of command, including members of its elite Nukhba forces, who led the Oct. 7 attack on southern Israel that saw 1,200 Israelis murdered and more than 250 people taken hostage to Gaza. While Hamas retained some capacity to launch localized attacks, its ability to conduct a large-scale offensive had been significantly degraded, he said. Instead, the group was moving toward guerilla tactics.
“To the extent that they have some people in Gaza with guns, with explosives, and they have some sort of a chain of command, and they’re still functioning, and they can still cause, as we saw, casualties to the IDF [Israel Defense Forces],” said Shamir, who serves as the director of the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies at Bar-Ilan University.
It would likely take years to reduce Hamas’s operational capabilities to what he described as a “minimal, though not zero” threat level, he said.
Despite its recruitment bid, Hamas is struggling to pay its existing fighters, according to a Wall Street Journal report citing Arab, Israeli, and Western officials. The group is facing a growing cash shortage, exacerbated by Israel’s six-week blockade on aid entering Gaza since the resumption of fighting following the ceasefire and hostage-release deal earlier this year. Some of the aid that previously reached the enclave had been seized and sold by Hamas on the black market, according to the officials, but these revenues had since dwindled.
Arab intelligence sources said Israel’s renewed military campaign had killed or forced into hiding several Hamas operatives responsible for distributing funds. Payments to civil servants in the Hamas-run government had reportedly ceased altogether, while senior political and military figures are receiving only half of their salaries. Lower-ranking fighters are being paid between $200 and $300 a month, the report said.
Shamir said Israel faced what he called a “horrible dilemma” between continuing its military campaign to dismantle Hamas and risking the lives of the remaining hostages, or pausing the fighting for an extended period in order to secure their immediate release. While he acknowledged that Hamas had been “severely damaged,” the idea that Israel could resume the fighting after such a truce was unrealistic. “I don’t believe that Israel would be able to go back to the war,” he said. “It’s a slogan. It’s not going to work like this.”
A ceasefire could effectively grant Hamas a “lifeline,” allowing the group to remain in control of Gaza in a weakened but still functional state, Shamir warned. The terrorist group was using pauses to entrench its positions further. “They prepare hideouts, they prepare ambushes, they prepare explosive devices in different areas. This is not going to be easy.”
“This is a war of attrition, which is long and devastating,” he added.
The post Cash-Strapped Hamas Seeks to Regroup With New Recruits as Egypt, Qatar Said to Push 5-Year Gaza Truce first appeared on Algemeiner.com.
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‘Tatami,’ First Feature Film Co-Directed by Israeli, Iranian Filmmakers, to Be Released Nationwide This Summer
A promotional photo for “Tatami.” Photo: XYZ Films.
A political sports thriller that is the first-ever feature film co-directed by Israeli and Iranian filmmakers will be released in select theaters nationwide on June 13 from XYZ Films.
“Tatami” was co-directed by Iranian and French Cannes Best Actress winner Zar Amir-Ebrahimi – who also stars in the film – alongside Israeli Academy Award winner Guy Nattiv, whose past credits include “Golda,” starring Helen Mirren, and the Oscar-winning short “Skin.” Native co-wrote the script of “Tatami” with Paris-based Iranian actress and screenwriter Elham Erfani, who was also the film’s casting director. Ebrahimi traveled to Israel for her first time ever to edit “Tatami.”
Iran and Israel have no diplomatic relations, and the Iranian regime does not recognize the Jewish state. The Islamic Republic supports terrorist operations against the state of Israel and is the chief international backer of Hamas, the US-designated terrorist organization that orchestrated the massacre across southern Israel that took place on Oct. 7, 2023. Iranian military commanders and even diplomats have recently praised the Oct. 7 Hamas attack.
Iran also has a long-standing policy of not allowing its athletes to compete against opponents from Israel dating back to 1979, when the Islamist regime seized power. Iranian athletes are often pressured by their coaches and the country’s sports federations to either pull out of matches or intentionally lose to avoid competing against an opponent from Israel. “Tatami,” which is about an Iranian judo athlete, is inspired by true events and references Iran’s ban on its athletes competing against Israelis.
In “Tatami,” an Iranian judoka named Leila – played by American Iranian-Chilean actress Arienne Mandi from “The L Word” – is on the verge of winning gold at the judo world championships when she is ordered to withdraw to avoid facing an Israeli opponent in the finals. She is told by the Islamic Republic that she must fake an injury and pull out of the competition, or face being labeled a traitor by her home country for competing against an Israeli athlete. Leila must decide if she will cave to the pressure or continue competing for the gold medal. Amir-Ebrahimi plays Leila’s coach, and the film also stars Jaime Ray Newman and Ash Goldeh. Tatami is a type of mat used during judo bouts.
“Facing a life-or-death decision, she risks everything, putting the lives of her, her coach, and her family in danger,” stated a synopsis of the film provided by XYZ Films. “The film captures the raw intensity of elite competition, the sacrifices athletes make, and the brutal reality of political interference in sports … This film is more than a thriller — it’s a gripping look at the struggles athletes face beyond the mat. It speaks to themes of perseverance, integrity, and the power of sport as a force for change.”
“Tatami” was produced by Israel’s Keshet Studios and premiered at the Venice Film Festival in 2023. It has earned multiple awards, including Best Actress for Amir-Ebrahimi and a Special Jury Prize at the Tokyo Film Festival, and Best Film at the Munich Film Festival.
Amir-Ebrahimi won Best Actress at Cannes in 2022 for her role in “Holy Spider.” That same year, she was included on BBC’s list of 100 inspiring and influential women because of her advocacy for women’s rights. The actress and director was forced to flee Iran in 2008 after being targeted by the regime, and is now a French citizen living in Paris, where she runs her production company, Alambic Production.
Ebrahimi and Nattiv said in 2023 that the storyline of “Tatami” also reflects the real-life struggles of women living in Iran. The film premiered amid freedom protests about a mandatory hijab enforcement in the Islamic Republic and one year after the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini, who was killed after allegedly being beaten by Iranian police when she was arrested for not wearing a hijab.
The post ‘Tatami,’ First Feature Film Co-Directed by Israeli, Iranian Filmmakers, to Be Released Nationwide This Summer first appeared on Algemeiner.com.
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Israel’s Understanding of Time
Israeli flag. Photo: Eduardo Castro / Pixabay.
JNS.org – For Israel, it’s all about chronology. Time represents both the most critical determinant of Israel’s survival and the context within which such survival must be ensured. As with an individual human being, time is also the reciprocal of death. This vital relationship is currently most conspicuous regarding Hamas and Hezbollah, but it is most urgently meaningful regarding war with Iran.
For Israel, successful geopolitics will necessarily center on this impending war. Whether the expected conflict will be sudden or incremental, its consequences could prove existential. Of greatest significance for Israel will be avoiding a nuclear war. Inter alia, this objective will be contingent on Jerusalem’s “use of time.”
What can these ambiguous observations mean for Israel in operational terms? What might be learned about the estimable probabilities of an unmanageable war with Iran? Hezbollah’s fighting capacities are greater than those of all other jihadist terror organizations, singularly and cumulatively. These belligerent capacities present a strategic threat to Israel even apart from their Iranian backing.
A key question now arises for Israel: To what extent could a greater conceptual awareness of time generate calculable security advantages for the beleaguered Jewish state?
Though generally unrecognized, Hezbollah and Israel’s other principal terrorist adversaries define authentic victory from the bewildering standpoint of “power over death.” For all these recalcitrant foes, becoming a “martyr” (shahid) represents “power over time.” Accordingly, Jerusalem will need to think about how best to undermine such intangible but determinative notions of power.
In Jerusalem, “real-time” ought never to be interpreted solely in terms of clock measurements. But what would constitute a suitably personalized and policy-centered theory of time?
Whether explicit or implicit, Israeli security analyses should contain theory-based elements of chronology. Israel’s many-sided struggle against war and terror will need to be conducted with more intellectually determined and nuanced concepts of time. Though seemingly “impractical,” such “felt time” or “inner time” conceptualizations could sometimes reveal more about Israel’s core survival problem than any easily decipherable measurements of clocks.
The pertinent notion of “felt time” or “time-as-lived” has its origins in ancient Israel. By rejecting time as a simple linear progression, the early Hebrews approached chronology as a qualitative experience. Once it had been dismissed as something that could submit only to quantitative measures, time began to be understood by seminal Jewish thinkers as a distinctly subjective quality. This view identified time as inseparable from its personally infused content.
In terms of current threats from Iran, Israeli planners should consider chronology not only at the most obvious operational levels (e.g., how much “time” before Iran becomes nuclear?), but also at the level of individual Iranian decision-makers (e.g., what do authoritative leaders in Tehran think about time in shaping their nuclear plans vis-à-vis Israel?).
From its beginnings, the Jewish prophetic vision was one of a community living “in time.” In this formative view, political space or geography was palpably important, but not because of territoriality. Instead, the relevance of particular geographic spaces stemmed from certain unique events that had presumably taken place within their boundaries.
It’s time to return to expressly tactical and strategic issues. For Israel, security policy enhancements should include support for “escalation dominance.” When Israel and Iran are engaged in continuous direct warfare, each adversary can be expected to seek primacy during unprecedented episodes of escalation but to accomplish this objective without heightening the risks of an existential conflict. Among other things, any such expectation would require mutual assumptions of enemy rationality.
There will be multiple particulars. If it could be determined that Iran and/or Hezbollah accept a short time horizon in their search for tangible “victory” over Israel, any Israeli response to enemy aggressions would have to be “swift” in the traditional sense. If it would seem that the presumed enemy time horizon was calculably longer, Jerusalem’s expected response could still be more or less incremental. For Israel, this would mean relying more on the relatively passive dynamics of military deterrence and military defense than on any active strategies of nuclear war fighting.
In the final analysis, the worst case for Israel would be to face an irrational Iran. Moreover, this could happen simultaneously with the appearance of the Hezbollah suicide bomber in microcosm: the flesh-and-blood individual terrorist. Of special interest to Israel’s prime minister and general staff, therefore, should be the hidden time horizons of this jihadist suicide bomber. In essence, this self-defiling terror-criminal is so afraid of “not being” that any plan for “suicide” will be intended as personal death avoidance. Prima facie, such a plan is not “only” literal nonsense; it is also patent cowardice.
An aspiring suicide bomber opposing Israel sees himself or herself as a religious sacrificer. This signals a jihadist adversary’s desperate hope to escape from time that lacks any “sacred” meaning. The relevant jihadist adversary could be an individual Hezbollah terrorist, the sovereign state of Iran or both acting in tandem.
What should Israel do with all such informed understandings of its Islamist adversaries’ concept of time? Jerusalem’s immediate policy response should be to convince both aspiring Hezbollah suicide bombers and Iranian national leaders that their intended “sacrifices” could never elevate them or their societies above the immutably mortal limits of time. This will be an intellectual problem, not a political problem.
Israeli policy-makers will need to recognize certain dense problems of chronology as policy-relevant quandaries. They will also need to acknowledge to themselves that any plausible hopes for national security and “escalation dominance” should be informed by reason. In Jerusalem, all ordinary considerations of domestic politics and global geopolitics will need to be understood as both reflective and transient.
“As earthlings,” comments Hoosier author Kurt Vonnegut, “all have had to believe whatever clocks said.” As necessary fonts of national security decision-making, Israeli strategic thinkers now have it in their power to look beyond the simplifying hands of clocks and investigate more policy-purposeful meanings of time. For Jerusalem, exercising such latent intellectual power could offer a survival posture of potentially unimaginable value. In the final analysis, Israel must survive in a subjective time that is “felt” by its enemies while it is being measured by clocks.
The post Israel’s Understanding of Time first appeared on Algemeiner.com.
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70 Percent of Holocaust Survivors Worldwide Will Be Gone Within a Decade, Groundbreaking Report Reveals
Auschwitz-Birkenau survivor Janina Iwanska, 94, holds an undated photo from her return to Poland, during a Reuters session ahead of the 80th anniversary of Auschwitz’s liberation, Warsaw, Poland, Jan. 7, 2025. Photo: REUTERS/Kacper Pempel
A first-of-its-kind report released on Tuesday reveals staggering numbers about the global population of Holocaust survivors, including an estimated count of how many will still be around in the next 10 or 15 years.
The report provides an in-depth population projection of Jewish Holocaust survivors and estimated mortality rates through 2040. It was published ahead of Israel’s Holocaust Remembrance Day (Yom HaShoah), which begins the evening of April 23 and marks 80 years since the end of the atrocities of World War II. The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference) released the report, which is based on extensive data collected by the nonprofit organization since 1952.
The Claims Conference secures material compensation for Holocaust survivors around the world, specifically direct payments or social welfare services through ongoing negotiations between the organization and the government of Germany, according to its website. It negotiates on behalf of and disburses funds to Holocaust survivors, and fights for the return of Jewish property stolen during the Holocaust. Because of negotiations with the Claims Conference, the German government has so far paid approximately $90 billion in compensation and restitution to survivors of Nazi persecution.
In its new report – titled “Vanishing Witnesses: An Urgent Analysis of the Declining Population of Holocaust Survivors” – the Claims Conference reveals there are more than 200,000 Holocaust survivors worldwide, and that number is estimated to drop to 21,300 – almost a 90 percent decline – within 15 years.
Currently, the median age of Holocaust survivors is 87, but there are estimated to be more than 1,400 alive today around the world who are over 100 years old. Nearly 50 percent of all Holocaust survivors will die within the next six years, while 70 percent will no longer be alive within 10 years, the report notes. Mortality rates for Holocaust survivors are analyzed and divided in the report by sex, birth year, region, type of compensation received, and the level of home care that they have. For example, mortality rates are higher for men than for women.
There are some regional disparities regarding the mortality rates for survivors, meaning that in some geographical locations, survivors will die sooner, according to the report. For example, in Israel, which is home to the largest number of Holocaust survivors worldwide (110,100 survivors as of October 2024), there will be an estimated 62,900 survivors by 2030, a decline of 43 percent in five years, and 29,700 survivors by the year 2035.
The United States had 34,600 Holocaust survivors in the fall of 2024, but that population is estimated to decrease by 39 percent by 2030, dropping to 21,100 survivors.
Countries in the former Soviet Union had 25,500 survivors in October 2024, but the survivor population is projected to be at 11,800 in five years, down 54 percent by the start of 2030, according to the Claims Conference.
The highest mortality rates are among survivors in countries of the former Soviet Union, and the lowest rates are among survivors in Western Europe.
“It’s sobering to see exactly how few of us Holocaust survivors are left,” said Pinchas Gutter, one of the last Holocaust survivors of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. “We have an important piece of history that only we hold and only we can tell. I hope in the time we have we can impart the learning from the Holocaust so that the world will never again have to endure that level of hate. I am a witness. Those of us witnesses still alive are working to make sure our testimonies are heard and preserved through any means possible. We are counting on this generation to hear us and future generations to carry our experiences forward so that the world does not forget.”
Malka Schmulovitz, a 109-year-old Holocaust survivor from Lithuania living in Florida, said, “To be one of the oldest survivors alive right now at my age tells me we are running out of time.”
“We all have a testimony that needs to be shared,” she added. “We all want to be sure that this generation of young people and the ones that come after them, hear and understand what truly happened during the Holocaust; if only so that we do not see it repeated.”
Claims Conference President Gideon Taylor said the report highlights the “urgency” in hearing testimonies from Holocaust survivors while the world still has living eyewitnesses to the worst atrocity in human history.
“Now is the time to hear first-hand testimonies from survivors, invite them to speak in our classrooms, places of worship and institutions,” he said. “It is critical, not only for our youth but for people of all generations to hear and learn directly from Holocaust survivors. This report is a stark reminder that our time is almost up, our survivors are leaving us, and this is the moment to hear their voices.”
The Claims Conference also released on Tuesday the second edition of its global demographic report on Holocaust survivors, which shows that Jewish Holocaust survivors live in more than 90 countries, mostly in Israel (50 percent) while only 18 percent reside in North America. The global population of Holocaust survivors is between 78 years old and over 100, and a majority (61 percent) are female.
The post 70 Percent of Holocaust Survivors Worldwide Will Be Gone Within a Decade, Groundbreaking Report Reveals first appeared on Algemeiner.com.
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Cash-Strapped Hamas Seeks to Regroup With New Recruits as Egypt, Qatar Said to Push 5-Year Gaza Truce
A Palestinian Hamas terrorist shakes hands with a child as they stand guard as people gather on the day of the handover of Israeli hostages, as part of a ceasefire and a hostages-prisoners swap deal between Hamas and Israel, in Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip, Feb. 22, 2025. Photo: REUTERS/Ramadan Abed
Egypt and Qatar are negotiating a long-term ceasefire deal with the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas that would include a full Israeli withdrawal from Gaza and the release of Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails in exchange for the return of all hostages, according to a BBC report published Tuesday.
The report came as the cash-strapped terrorist group, which ruled Gaza for nearly two decades before its Oct. 7, 2023, invasion of southern Israel started the current war, was said to be reinforcing its military ranks by enlisting 30,000 new recruits.
Mediators from Egypt and Qatar presented a new framework to both parties, which included a five-to-seven-year truce, an end to Israel’s war in Gaza, the release of all remaining Israeli hostages held in the enclave, and the release of an undisclosed number of Palestinian detainees, the report said citing an unnamed senior Palestinian official.
Meanwhile, a separate report by the Saudi-owned Al Arabiya outlet said Hamas’s military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, has enlisted approximately 30,000 new recruits. Most of the new fighters had previously undergone training in covert camps, the report said, adding that they lacked advanced combat skills, having been trained primarily in guerrilla warfare, basic rocket attacks, and the use of improvised explosives.
The recruitment campaign came as Hamas confronted severe operational challenges. The Iran-backed Islamist group was short on drones and long-range missile systems and had begun harvesting unexploded Israeli munitions from the battlefield to construct improvised explosive devices, the Al Arabiya report said.
National security expert Prof. Eitan Shamir said the new recruits were no substitute for the cadre of experienced operatives the group had lost since the war resumed in March — losses that, according to Israeli military estimates earlier this year, totaled around 20,000.
Shamir said the new recruits were likely “very young or old,” and largely “inexperienced and untrained.” He also noted that Hamas no longer had the experienced commanders or the equipment it once did.
“Even if the numbers [of operatives] partially rebound, it’s not the same Hamas,” Shamir told The Algemeiner.
Shamir added that Hamas had lost much of its chain of command, including members of its elite Nukhba forces, who led the Oct. 7 attack on southern Israel that saw 1,200 Israelis murdered and more than 250 people taken hostage to Gaza. While Hamas retained some capacity to launch localized attacks, its ability to conduct a large-scale offensive had been significantly degraded, he said. Instead, the group was moving toward guerilla tactics.
“To the extent that they have some people in Gaza with guns, with explosives, and they have some sort of a chain of command, and they’re still functioning, and they can still cause, as we saw, casualties to the IDF [Israel Defense Forces],” said Shamir, who serves as the director of the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies at Bar-Ilan University.
It would likely take years to reduce Hamas’s operational capabilities to what he described as a “minimal, though not zero” threat level, he said.
Despite its recruitment bid, Hamas is struggling to pay its existing fighters, according to a Wall Street Journal report citing Arab, Israeli, and Western officials. The group is facing a growing cash shortage, exacerbated by Israel’s six-week blockade on aid entering Gaza since the resumption of fighting following the ceasefire and hostage-release deal earlier this year. Some of the aid that previously reached the enclave had been seized and sold by Hamas on the black market, according to the officials, but these revenues had since dwindled.
Arab intelligence sources said Israel’s renewed military campaign had killed or forced into hiding several Hamas operatives responsible for distributing funds. Payments to civil servants in the Hamas-run government had reportedly ceased altogether, while senior political and military figures are receiving only half of their salaries. Lower-ranking fighters are being paid between $200 and $300 a month, the report said.
Shamir said Israel faced what he called a “horrible dilemma” between continuing its military campaign to dismantle Hamas and risking the lives of the remaining hostages, or pausing the fighting for an extended period in order to secure their immediate release. While he acknowledged that Hamas had been “severely damaged,” the idea that Israel could resume the fighting after such a truce was unrealistic. “I don’t believe that Israel would be able to go back to the war,” he said. “It’s a slogan. It’s not going to work like this.”
A ceasefire could effectively grant Hamas a “lifeline,” allowing the group to remain in control of Gaza in a weakened but still functional state, Shamir warned. The terrorist group was using pauses to entrench its positions further. “They prepare hideouts, they prepare ambushes, they prepare explosive devices in different areas. This is not going to be easy.”
“This is a war of attrition, which is long and devastating,” he added.
The post Cash-Strapped Hamas Seeks to Regroup With New Recruits as Egypt, Qatar Said to Push 5-Year Gaza Truce first appeared on Algemeiner.com.
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‘Tatami,’ First Feature Film Co-Directed by Israeli, Iranian Filmmakers, to Be Released Nationwide This Summer
A promotional photo for “Tatami.” Photo: XYZ Films.
A political sports thriller that is the first-ever feature film co-directed by Israeli and Iranian filmmakers will be released in select theaters nationwide on June 13 from XYZ Films.
“Tatami” was co-directed by Iranian and French Cannes Best Actress winner Zar Amir-Ebrahimi – who also stars in the film – alongside Israeli Academy Award winner Guy Nattiv, whose past credits include “Golda,” starring Helen Mirren, and the Oscar-winning short “Skin.” Native co-wrote the script of “Tatami” with Paris-based Iranian actress and screenwriter Elham Erfani, who was also the film’s casting director. Ebrahimi traveled to Israel for her first time ever to edit “Tatami.”
Iran and Israel have no diplomatic relations, and the Iranian regime does not recognize the Jewish state. The Islamic Republic supports terrorist operations against the state of Israel and is the chief international backer of Hamas, the US-designated terrorist organization that orchestrated the massacre across southern Israel that took place on Oct. 7, 2023. Iranian military commanders and even diplomats have recently praised the Oct. 7 Hamas attack.
Iran also has a long-standing policy of not allowing its athletes to compete against opponents from Israel dating back to 1979, when the Islamist regime seized power. Iranian athletes are often pressured by their coaches and the country’s sports federations to either pull out of matches or intentionally lose to avoid competing against an opponent from Israel. “Tatami,” which is about an Iranian judo athlete, is inspired by true events and references Iran’s ban on its athletes competing against Israelis.
In “Tatami,” an Iranian judoka named Leila – played by American Iranian-Chilean actress Arienne Mandi from “The L Word” – is on the verge of winning gold at the judo world championships when she is ordered to withdraw to avoid facing an Israeli opponent in the finals. She is told by the Islamic Republic that she must fake an injury and pull out of the competition, or face being labeled a traitor by her home country for competing against an Israeli athlete. Leila must decide if she will cave to the pressure or continue competing for the gold medal. Amir-Ebrahimi plays Leila’s coach, and the film also stars Jaime Ray Newman and Ash Goldeh. Tatami is a type of mat used during judo bouts.
“Facing a life-or-death decision, she risks everything, putting the lives of her, her coach, and her family in danger,” stated a synopsis of the film provided by XYZ Films. “The film captures the raw intensity of elite competition, the sacrifices athletes make, and the brutal reality of political interference in sports … This film is more than a thriller — it’s a gripping look at the struggles athletes face beyond the mat. It speaks to themes of perseverance, integrity, and the power of sport as a force for change.”
“Tatami” was produced by Israel’s Keshet Studios and premiered at the Venice Film Festival in 2023. It has earned multiple awards, including Best Actress for Amir-Ebrahimi and a Special Jury Prize at the Tokyo Film Festival, and Best Film at the Munich Film Festival.
Amir-Ebrahimi won Best Actress at Cannes in 2022 for her role in “Holy Spider.” That same year, she was included on BBC’s list of 100 inspiring and influential women because of her advocacy for women’s rights. The actress and director was forced to flee Iran in 2008 after being targeted by the regime, and is now a French citizen living in Paris, where she runs her production company, Alambic Production.
Ebrahimi and Nattiv said in 2023 that the storyline of “Tatami” also reflects the real-life struggles of women living in Iran. The film premiered amid freedom protests about a mandatory hijab enforcement in the Islamic Republic and one year after the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini, who was killed after allegedly being beaten by Iranian police when she was arrested for not wearing a hijab.
The post ‘Tatami,’ First Feature Film Co-Directed by Israeli, Iranian Filmmakers, to Be Released Nationwide This Summer first appeared on Algemeiner.com.