A bicycle with the Palestinian and Irish flags is seen at the University College Dublin (UCD) ‘Palestinian Liberation Encampment’ on June 6, 2024. Photo: REUTERS/Clodagh Kilcoyne

Ireland has announced that it will adopt the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) definition of antisemitism, an unexpected policy decision which comes amid a surge of Jew-hatred in the country and a downward spiral in relations with Israel.

“Ireland is committed to countering the scourge of racism and hatred and to promoting values of equality, inclusiveness, and the full respect of human rights,” Irish Foreign Minister Micheal Martin said in a statement announcing the move on Thursday. “Combating antisemitism is an increasingly important and visible part of this work. I have been deeply concerned at the current trend of a global rise in antisemitism, both online and offline. The government takes this issue seriously and we will continue to tackle all forms of discrimination.”

He continued, “I believe the step taken today will be an important contribution to these efforts. We will also continue our close relationship with the Jewish community in Ireland and ensure that their concerns are heard.”

Martin later followed his announcement with a tweet which emphasized the IHRA definition’s being “non-legally binding,” a point he made again in reference to Ireland’s additional adoption of the Global Guidelines for Countering Antisemitism, which he also described as “non-legally binding.”

IHRA — an intergovernmental organization comprising dozens of countries including the US, Israel, and Ireland — adopted the “working definition” of antisemitism in 2016. Since then, the definition has been widely accepted by Jewish groups and lawmakers across the political spectrum, and it is now used by hundreds of governing institutions, including the US State Department, European Union, and United Nations.

According to the definition, antisemitism “is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities.” It provides 11 specific, contemporary examples of antisemitism in public life, the media, schools, the workplace, and in the religious sphere. Beyond classic antisemitic behavior associated with the likes of the medieval period and Nazi Germany, the examples include denial of the Holocaust and newer forms of antisemitism targeting Israel such as demonizing the Jewish state, denying its right to exist, and holding it to standards not expected of any other democratic state.

Despite Martin’s announcement, antisemitism in Ireland has become “blatant and obvious” in the wake of Hamas’s massacre across southern Israel on Oct. 7, 2023, according to Alan Shatter, a former member of parliament who served in the Irish cabinet between 2011 and 2014 as Minister for Justice, Equality and Defense. Shatter told The Algemeiner in an interview last year that Ireland has “evolved into the most hostile state towards Israel in the entire EU.”

Ireland has been a fierce critic of Israel since the Hamas atrocious of Oct. 7 and amid the ensuing war in Gaza, leading the Jewish state to shutter its embassy in Dublin. Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa’ar announced the move and explained the key reason was Ireland’s decision to join South Africa’s genocide case at the International Court of Justice (ICJ)and its support for redefining genocide in order to secure a conviction against Jerusalem.

Israel accused the Irish government of undermining Israel at international forums and promoting “extreme anti-Israel policies.”

Ireland has “crossed all the red lines,” Sa’ar told reporters at the time, calling the Irish government’s actions “unilateral hostility and persecution” rather than mere criticism.

The announcement came after Irish Prime Minister Simon Harris condemned Israel’s actions in Gaza, accusing the country of “the starvation of children” and “the killing of civilians” — remarks that Sa’ar slammed as “antisemitic” and historically insensitive. Sa’ar also noted how “when Jewish children died of starvation in the Holocaust, Ireland was at best neutral in the war against Nazi Germany.”

Those comments followed the Irish parliament in November passed a non-binding motion saying that “genocide is being perpetrated before our eyes by Israel in Gaza.”

In May, Ireland officially recognized a Palestinian state, prompting outrage in Israel, which described the move as a “reward for terrorism.” Israel’s Ambassador in Dublin Dana Erlich said at the time of Ireland’s recognition of “Palestine” that Ireland was “not an honest broker” in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

More recently, Harris in October called on the European Union to “review its trade relations” with Israel after the Israeli parliament passed legislation banning the activities in the country of UNRWA, the United Nations agency responsible for Palestinian refugees, because of its ties to Hamas.

Meanwhile, the Institute for Monitoring Peace and Cultural Tolerance in School Education (Impact-se), an Israeli education watchdog group, recently released a report revealing Irish school textbooks have been filled with negative stereotypes and distortions of Israel, Judaism, and Jewish history. The findings showed that the textbooks help foster antisemitism by downplaying the Holocaust, portraying Judaism as a violent religion, and distorting the history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to make Israel out to be a villain.

In one example uncovered by Impact-se, a history textbook for eleventh graders describes Auschwitz, the infamous Nazi concentration camp in Poland where 1 million Jews were murdered during World War II, as a “prisoner of war camp” rather than an “extermination,” “concentration,” or “death camp.” In other textbooks — including Inspire – Wisdom of the World, a religious studies book distributed to students as young as 12 years old — Judaism is described as a war mongering religion which “believes that violence and war are sometimes necessary to promote justice.” Christianity and Islam are more favorably judged as aiming for “peace and justice” and, in the latter, resorting to war only in “self-defense, to defend Islam but not to spread Islam and to protect people who are oppressed.”

Irish curricula is perhaps most aggressive in discussing Israel and the Palestinians, according to Impact-se. Citing Inspire again, the report revealed that the textbook’s authors chose to propagate the misleading claim that Jesus Christ lived in “Palestine,” a piece of disinformation that has been trafficked by anti-Zionist activists both to diminish Jesus’ Jewish heritage and deny the existence of a Jewish state in antiquity.

“Historical references to Jesus living in ‘Palestine’ without appropriate context can contribute to narratives that challenge Israel’s legitimacy and undermine the Jewish historical connection to the land,” wrote Impact-se, which also noted that a textbook for younger children on the story of Jesus included a comic strip with the words, “Some people did not like Jesus.” The people shown  in the comic are visibly Jewish, wearing religious clothing such as a kippah.

“This portrayal aligns with antisemitic stereotypes that have wrongly blamed Jews collectively for the death of Jesus,” the group stated.

In recent weeks, the Catholic religious establishment in Ireland has come under scrutiny for targeting Israel. In a New Year’s message last week by Archbishop Eamon Martin, the most senior Catholic figure in Ireland lambasted Israel’s military campaign in Gaza as “merciless” and a “disproportionate” response to Hamas’s Oct. 7 attacks.

Martin was not the first prominent Irish cleric to use his platform to castigate Israel in recent days.

In November, Reverend Canon David Oxley came under fire for delivering an antisemitic memorial sermon in which he suggested that Israelis and Jews see themselves as a “master race” that justifies “eliminating” other groups “because they don’t count.”

Oxley delivered the sermon at St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin during a Remembrance Sunday service attended by Irish President Michael Higgins and other high-ranking dignitaries.

Higgins himself has become embroiled in controversy, with representatives of the Irish Jewish community opposing his giving the main speech at the Holocaust remembrance ceremony scheduled for Jan. 26 in Dublin, on the eve of the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz.

Ireland recently saw a disturbing antisemitic hate crime in November, when a Jewish American student visiting the country on holiday was concussed during a gang-assault perpetrated by three men who initiated their encounter with him by demanding to know whether he is Jewish.

Considering the surge of antisemitism in Ireland, its adoption of the IHRA definition is “welcome — if confusing,” one leading UK-based Jewish civil rights group said in a statement responding to the news.

“It remains to be seen whether Irish leaders — and wider Irish society — demonstrates any change in their attitude toward Jews a result of this adoption,” the group, Campaign Against Antisemitism, added.

Follow Dion J. Pierre @DionJPierre.

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Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu speaks during a news conference in Jerusalem, Sept. 2, 2024. Photo: Ohad Zwigenberg/Pool via REUTERS

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reassured his security cabinet that he has received “unequivocal guarantees” that the Jewish state will have US backing if the war in Gaza were to resume as a result of Hamas violating the ceasefire deal.

“We have received unequivocal guarantees — from both [outgoing US President Joe] Biden and [President-elect Donald] Trump — that if the negotiations on phase two [of the ceasefire] fail and Hamas does not accept our security demands, we will return to intense fighting with the backing of the United States,” Netanyahu said in a statement on Friday, according to Israeli media reports.

The Israeli security cabinet on Friday voted to approve a ceasefire and hostage-release deal that would halt fighting in Gaza between Israel and the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas. The war began when Hamas-led Palestinian terrorists invaded southern Israel on Oct. 7, 2023, killing 1,200 people and kidnapping 251 hostages. Israel responded with a military campaign aimed at freeing the captives and dismantling Hamas’s military and governing capabilities in neighboring Gaza.

Some 98 hostages remain in captivity in Gaza, and about a third to half of them are believed to be dead.

Under the six-week first phase of the three-stage deal, Hamas will release 33 Israeli hostages, including all women (soldiers and civilians), children, and men over 50. Meanwhile, Israel will release all Palestinian women and children under 19 detained in Israeli jails by the end of the first phase. The total number of Palestinians released will depend on hostages released, and could be between 990 and 1,650 Palestinians, including men, women, and children. The Palestinian prisoners were largely detained for involvement in terrorist activities.

Following the first 16 days of the ceasefire, negotiators are expected to commence discussions on phase two of the agreement, which could result in the release of the remaining Israeli hostages and complete removal of Israeli troops from the Gaza Strip. 

“During the next six weeks, Israel will negotiate the necessary arrangements to get to phase two, which is a permanent end of the war,” US President Joe Biden said on Wednesday. 

Israeli National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir threatened to resign if the ceasefire was approved, demanding that Israeli troops be allowed to prosecute the war against Hamas. However, he said he would not bring down the government.

In response, Netanyahu’s Likud Party released a statement arguing that the ceasefire deal does not compromise Israel’s security demands.

“[T]he existing deal allows Israel to return to fighting under American guarantees, receive the weapons and means of warfare it needs, maximize the number of living hostages that will be released, maintain full control of the Philadelphi Route [on the Gaza-Egypt border] and the security buffer that surrounds the entire Gaza Strip, and achieve dramatic security achievements that will ensure Israel’s security for generations,” Likud said in a statement. 

The statement came after US Rep. Mike Waltz (R-FL), who is set to become White House national security adviser under Trump, owed that the Trump administration will support Israel renewing military operations in Gaza if Hamas launches more attacks against the Jewish state and violates the agreement.

“We’ve made it very clear to the Israelis, and I want the people of Israel to hear me on this: If they need to go back in, we’re with them. If Hamas doesn’t live up to the terms of this agreement, we are with them,” Waltz told Fox News on Wednesday evening. “Hamas is not going to continue as a military entity, and it is certainly not going to govern Gaza.”

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US Rep. Ritchie Torres (D-NY) standing at the US Capitol in February of 2023. Photo: Michael Brochstein/Sipa USA via Reuters Connect

US Rep. Ritchie Torres (D-NY) on Thursday ripped into New York Gov. Kathy Hochul (D-NY) for omitting any references to antisemitism during her annual “State of the State” address earlier this week.

“Antisemitic hate crimes have risen to historic highs in New York. Yet, when I search the governor’s State of the State for the word antisemitism, nothing came up — not one mention of antisemitism in a 140-page document,” Torres said in comments posted on X/Twitter. “Not one mention of antisemitism in an hour-long speech. The scandal is not that Kathy Hochul is failing to combat antisemitism. The scandal is that she is not even trying.”

On Tuesday, Hochul delivered the State of the State address, an annual speech in which the governor reflects on the previous year’s legislative progress and outlines their agenda for the upcoming year. Hochul’s hour-long speech primarily focused on increasing affordability for the Empire State’s residents, explaining her plans to ease the cost of child care, housing, and food. The governor also outlined plans to bolster public safety and lower taxes for the middle class. 

New York State has experienced a surge in antisemitism in the year following the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas’s invasion of and massacre across southern Israel, amid the ensuing war in Gaza.

Earlier this month, for example, the New York City Police Department (NYPD) released data showing that Jews were targeted in the majority of hate crimes perpetrated in New York City last year. Out of the 641 total hate crimes tallied by the NYPD, 345 targeted Jews, which, in addition to being a 7 percent increase over the previous year, amounted to 54 percent of all hate crimes in the city.

The explosion of hate continued a trend. In 2023, antisemitic incidents accounted for a striking 65 percent of all felony hate crimes in New York City, according to a report issued in August by New York state comptroller Thomas DiNapoli. The report added that throughout the state, nearly 44 percent of all recorded hate crime incidents and 88 percent of religious-based hate crimes targeted Jews.

Meanwhile, over the past 15 months, anti-Israel agitators have held raucous and sometimes violent demonstrations across New York, oftentimes physically confronting Jews and bellowing chants calling for the destruction of Israel. At prestigious universities such as New York University (NYU), Cornell University, and Columbia University, protesters have erected anti-Israel encampments and have called on their schools to financially divest from the Jewish state. 

Since entering the US Congress, Torres has positioned himself as a stalwart ally of Israel and fierce combatant against antisemitism. In recent months, Torres has sharpened his criticism of Hochul’s governance of New York, fueling rumors that he is considering launching a campaign to become the governor of New York.

Torres, whose district represents large swaths of the Bronx, has lambasted Hochul for allegedly being a political “insider” who lacks the fortitude to combat corruption within the Empire State. He has also called Hochul a “hypocrite” for switching her positions on gun rights and congestion pricing.

If Torres does launch a bid for governor, he stands on solid ground with Jewish voters. According to a Siena College Poll from December, the lawmaker enjoys a 41 percent approval rating with New York Jews, compared to a 8 percent disapproval rating.

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