The Anti-Defamation League’s (ADL) Center on Extremism has released a new report detailing how two young persons’ drifting into viewing macabre content online degenerated into an obsession with white supremacist propaganda and, ultimately, the perpetration of a school shooting.

“Kids and teens today have lived their entire lives with easy internet access, putting them even more at risk of encountering violent extremism online,” ADL chief executive officer Jonathan Greenblatt said in a statement on Thursday. “ADL has been alerting about the dangers of these online communities and activity for years. Extremist ideas combined with gore websites can inspire others to love for evermore violent content.”

He added, “It’s a vicious cycle, especially for young people. We hope this research guides all stakeholders in taking action to prevent future attacks.”

The ADL examined the cases of Natalie “Samantha” Rupnow, 15 — a rare female mass shooter who committed suicide after murdering two people at a Christian private school in Madison, Wisconsin — and Solomon Henderson, 17 — who murdered a female classmate at a public high school in Nashville, Tennessee, before fatally shooting himself. Their journeys towards unconscionable violence, the ADL explained, began in the dark corners of the internet, when each enrolled to become members of a website titled “WatchPeopleDie” (WPD).

“WatchPeopleDie” is one of hundreds of shock websites which traumatize audiences with images and videos of beheadings, sexual violence, and other appalling acts of antisemitism, sexism, and self-degradation. Such websites can also function as recruiting grounds for white supremacists and neo-Nazis.

Rupnow and Henderson proved vulnerable to the content’s assault on the psyche. Within 19 months, each teenager “posted, reposted, endorsed, replied to, or otherwise engaged with extremist content,” the ADL said, including that which referenced “mass killers” and “764,” an online network of miscreants who extol “obscene” depravities.

“The interconnected network of accounts that post extremist content on WPD included Rupnow and Henderson, who both followed and were followed by other explicitly white supremacist accounts,” the ADL explained. “Because both teens would commit their shootings roughly 19 months after joining the site, this shows that online engagement with extremist ideologies and depictions of heinous acts of violence can lead to on the ground attacks. Furthermore, this network acts as an echo chamber that normalizes violence, gore, and white supremacy.”

The ADL said that the teenagers’ stories and the atrocities they committed showcase the dangers of failing to supervise the online activity of the youth, at home and at school, and it is launching a campaign to brief 16,000 superintendents on its findings and mobilize law enforcement, parents, and teachers around a course of action for thwarting online predators.

“Extremism, hate, and violent gore are just a click away for many children, making it urgent for schools and parents to implement safeguard,” said Oren Segal, senior vice president of counter extremism and intelligence at ADL. “These toxic online spaces can cause devastating harm in our communities and are increasingly becoming central to the broader violent extremist landscape.”

The ADL is spearheading multiple efforts to combat antisemitism.

Earlier this month, it launched the Jewish Policy Index (JPI), a “first interactive tool of its kind” for evaluating the efficacy of policies that US states have adopted to combat antisemitism.

According to the ADL, JPI has already identified positive and negative trends. Nine states — Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, New York, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia — have all passed legislation to address a surge of antisemitic discrimination and violence across the country, earning a JPI designation as “Leading States.” But, the ADL noted, 41 other states failed to merit the distinction.

The distribution of the first JPI ratings forms a bell curve, with most states, 29, clustered in the middle, having been classified as “Progressing States” which have adopted “some key pieces of the policy agenda” the ADL recommends. Twelve received the poorest mark, “Limited Action States,” for showing “little systematic effort to address antisemitism through policy.”

The ADL and its partners say the JPI can facilitate democratic action which “empowers residents” to challenge their states to fight antisemitism with vigor.

“Jewish communities know that if we are to flourish through difficult times, we must mobilize to fight antisemitism,” Eric Fingerhut, chief executive officer of the Jewish Federations of North America, said in a statement commending the initiative. “The most important responsibility of government is keeping its citizens safe. The Jewish Policy Index is an important tool to help inform and advance how state governments respond to antisemitism and protect their Jewish communities.”

The advent of JPI came on the heels of harrowing new FBI statistics which reveal the extent to which violent antisemitism has become a pervasive occurrence in American life.

While hate crimes against other demographic groups declined overall last year, those perpetrated against Jews increased by 5.8 percent in 2024 to 1,938, the largest total recorded in over 30 years of the FBI’s counting them. Jewish American groups noted that this surge, which included 178 assaults, is being experienced by a demographic group which constitutes just 2 percent of the US population.

Additionally, a striking 69 percent of all religion-based hate crimes that were reported to the FBI in 2024 targeted Jews, with 2,041 out of 2,942 total such incidents being antisemitic in nature. Muslims, the second most targeted religious group, were victims in 256 offenses, or about 9 percent of the total.

Follow Dion J. Pierre @DionJPierre.