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“The Zoologist’s Guide to the Galaxy: What Animals on Earth Reveal About Aliens – and Ourselves”

author Arik Karshenbaum/
book cover

By MARTIN ZEILIG “That life exists elsewhere in the universe seems almost inevitable,” Dr. Arik Kershenbaum writes in this intriguing and entertaining book.
“That we could know anything about it seems almost impossible. But my goal is to show you that we can actually say a great deal about what aliens must be like, how they live, and how they behave.”

Dr Kershenbaum is a zoologist, College Lecturer, and Fellow at Girton College, University of Cambridge, says his bio. He has researched animal vocal communication for the past ten years in Europe, Israel and the United States and has published more than 20 academic publications on the topic.

He is also a member of the international board of advisors for METI.org, a think tank on the topic of Messaging Extra Terrestrial Intelligence. Arik has done extensive field work on animal communication, following wolves around Yellowstone National Park and the forests of central Wisconsin to uncover the meaning of their different kinds of howls, as well as decoding the whistles of dolphins among the coral reefs of the Red Sea, and the songs of hyraxes in the Galilee.

Using his own trained understanding of life on Earth and Darwin’s theory of evolution—“which applies throughout the universe,” according to Dr. Kershenbaum’s book—Dr. Kershenbaum explains what alien life must be like: how these creatures will move, socialize, and communicate.

Dr. Kershenbaum agreed to do an interview with The Jewish Post & News.

JP&N: Why did you feel it necessary to write this particular book?

AK: Until recently, it was absolutely fine to restrict thoughts about alien life to science fiction. It was fun, and it was entertaining, and it didn’t have anything to do with science, or biology, or real life of any kind. All that is changing now.
Our understanding of the possibilities of life in the universe has blossomed as our technology for examining other planets has moved forward in leaps and bounds. Difficult as it is, we’re going to have to put aside the science fiction, and make a study of alien life into a well-grounded scientific discipline. And everyone should realize that the universe almost certainly is teeming with life – now we just need to find it.

But the search for extraterrestrial life isn’t enough. It’s also important to think about what that life is going to be like. What are the principles that determine how life evolves elsewhere in the universe? Will it be similar to life on Earth, or totally different?
These questions were very hypothetical as long as the chances of discovering life on other planets was remote in the extreme. Now that scientists are quietly optimistic, we all need to make an adjustment.
Fortunately, the Earth is an amazingly diverse habitat, full of life in the most surprising range of possibilities. Even if the conditions on other planets are very different from here, we have learned enough on Earth about the processes of evolution, and the forces that drive the properties of life, so we can apply those principles more generally to whatever exists on other worlds.

JP&N: Daniel Fabrycky, assistant professor of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of Chicago, has argued that “over billions of years no intelligent aliens have made it to the point of reaching Earth, meaning humanity has dismal prospects for space exploration and expansion.”
What would you say in response to Prof. Fabrycky?

AK: I think that the current climate crisis gives us a clue to how unlikely it is that humanity will survive to get the chance to explore space. It has always been thought that the process of life arising from “non-life” (i.e. a mixture of chemicals) was the limiting step in the distribution of civilizations throughout the universe.
But a more serious barrier might be the challenge of surviving rapid technological advances, without destroying ourselves through environmental destruction and war. It may be that many planets produced civilizations like ours, but they’re all dead.

However, there are many other possible explanations for why we’ve never noticed any alien civilizations. The laws of physics, as we know them, seem to make travel between the stars almost impossible. Maybe alien civilizations know things that we don’t, but maybe we’ve got things right, and aliens haven’t developed warp drive simply because it’s not possible.
As for not having received any radio or similar signals from outer space, we’ve only been looking for the last few decades – we only invented radio just over 100 years ago! – and we’ve never had funding to do a really comprehensive search for intelligent signals. I’d say that Fabrycky may be right, but that it’s too early to rule out a better possibility.

JP&N: What else would you like our readers to know about this topic?

AK: Life evolves according to the laws of biology, just like balls roll according to the laws of physics. We’ve come to understand a lot about these biological laws, and we can apply them to make predictions about life, even on other planets.
We can’t predict what colour aliens will be, but we can say a lot about the way they will interact, and solve problems like moving around, finding food, and cooperating or competing with other animals. Much of the underlying diversity of life on Earth – plants vs. animals, predators vs. prey, etc – arises as the result of common rules, and that means that this diversity is going to exist on other planets too.

“A direct biological comparison between us and alien intelligences could bring us to a more complete and more satisfying description of life in the universe. Perhaps we will be able to come to an acceptance of a wider type of humanity; one that has room for creatures that don’t look like us, no matter what planet they inhabit,” Dr. Kershenbaum writes in “The Zoologist’s Guide to the Galaxy.“

“The Zoologist’s Guide to the Galaxy”
By Arik Kershenbaum
A Penguin Book
356 pages

 

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Features

The Last Chance

By ORLY DREMAN (Jerusalem, March 12) Every time I submit an article to this website, I hope that article will be more cheerful than the last one. This one has a little bit of light, but a lot more of the same, I’m sad to write.
There were families where some members were murdered and some taken hostage. Sometimes there were no family members left alive to fight for hostages’ return; that is when neighbors or coworkers began to fight for them. The returning hostages must cope now with the losses from Oct. 7th. The more losses they have, the more complicated the trauma. They find out they lost family members, their house, their security. They come out of a disaster into a new reality. Some of the returnees only found out when they returned that their nuclear family was wiped out. They are coping with a lot of bad news. The families who were busy fighting for their return never got a chance to deal with their own mourning. Other family members got a sign of life from their dear ones still in captivity, but only to hear that they were injured and in bad health. They are deep under the ground in tunnels, with no sun of course and sometimes alone in complete darkness for days on end… in cages tied to chains all the time. They sleep on the floor, shower once in a few months, get hardly any food or water. They eat, sleep and go to the toilet all in one small area, mold all around; the injured and sick get no medications. They were interrogated under torture. These are citizens we are talking about – not soldiers; there are only four soldiers left alive in captivity all living in inhumane conditions. The tunnels are very narrow and low, so if one picks up their head they bang into the ceiling. It has been like this for a year and a half, with weapons turned towards them all the time.
The women say they were beaten every day. (Some are already able to talk about sexual assaults). Some young women say they prayed to die because they experienced horrible things and hoped a war plane would destroy the building and the misery would stop; it was hell. In captivity they suffered psychological terror. They were told Israel does not want to bring them back, they will marry them off and turn them into Muslims. On the day of return sadistic Hamas made a cruel, frightening, humiliating reality show for the whole world to watch. Some of the hostages looked like they were released from Auschwitz. For example, they made one of the hostages say on stage: “I’m happy to return to my wife and children,” while Hamas knew they had already murdered them and his brother. The father himself knew nothing because in the tunnels there was no radio, they kept them disconnected from the outside world. The hostages went through things the brain and the heart cannot absorb.
They look so thin, some have lost 50% of their body weight. Family members who received them said they could not recognize them. The hostages who were kept together showed mercy and compassion towards each other; some were ready to exchange places with those who remained behind and sat in captivity with them. Several of them became more religious. The Saturdays of the returns of three hostages each week were days we all cried… tears of excitement, but also those of concern for the many who will not come back alive.
The Hamas monsters who do not have a drop of mercy and murder babies with their own hands with unimaginable brutality, would not even waste a bullet on them to spare their suffering. The whole world should see this wickedness – the photo of Shiri Bibas holding her two babies in her arms with her terribly frightful expression. Three generations of that family were wiped out; Shiri’s parents were also murdered. The heart of the whole country is shattered. There are two million Nazis in Gaza committing crimes against humanity. All the people in Gaza celebrated and cheered as the coffins passed by and the world did not condemn it. We will not forgive and not forget. Our soldiers found weapons in every home and every school, so there are no “uninvolved.”
At the Lifshitz’s funeral – the eldest hostage murdered in captivity and whose body was recently returned, his wife asked Hamas: “Who did you kill? The humane liberals who helped you every day, brought your sick to our hospitals, took care of you”…. The residents there were all so naïve. When the coffins of the Bibas family passed in the roads of Israel the buildings were lit in orange (the babies were red heads). The whole country was crying, including the news broadcasters. It was a national mourning day, people did not go to work or to school. Each coffin of a dead hostage receives a personal farewell ceremony. We are experiencing a collective trauma. The Israeli heart is very flexible, and our hearts are united during sadness and in moments of relief. The nation has not abandoned the families of the hostages for a year and a half. We demonstrate with them and strengthen them. There is nothing like this in the world – our partnership to destiny.
On the days of the hostages’ release people are in the streets with their cell phones glued to the news, shouting out loud the name of each hostage released into the hands of the Red Cross. We all feel at least some relief and comfort – which we have not felt in a long time. The hostages have turned out to be the families of our whole nation.

We recently took a tour of the Gaza Envelope and went into the small shelters spread out along the “Death Road” (Road 232). They are built to hold at maximum ten standing people, but when almost thirty youngsters ran into them and the terrorists threw hand grenades inside, the few who survived were those whose bodies fell on them and they played dead.
It is nice that a woman in Canada named her baby Alyn. Alyn was a seven year old girl murdered by Hamas together with her fiveyear-old brother and their parents in on Oct. 7th.
In saving lives there are no compromises. We are paying heavy prices to release our hostages, but leaving them there would be the highest price ever. The price now is for the oversight, not for the deal. Among the terrorists released in this recent deal were two who planned the shooting and murder attack of my cousin Rabbi Mark while he was driving his car in 2016. His wife and daughter were seriously injured and now the terrorists are walking around freely.

My American nephew’s house was burned down in the L.A fires. They had to move to another area. It is sad, but everything is relative. In Israel half the country had to evacuate- their houses burned down – some with their families inside. That is very painful.
We are living now in major uncertainty. Will the war renew in the next few days or will negotiations continue? Because this is the hostages’ last chance to return alive. If the fighting starts again, we will have to explain to our young grandchildren that running and hiding in the shelter is just a Hide and Seek game like in the Roberto Benigni movie (“Life is Beautiful”).
How does the world accept a situation where a terrorist group takes civilian hostages into captivity without millions in the world going out to demonstrate?
The country has no leadership, but the citizens do. There is no other country in the world that exhibits social cohesiveness like Israel; that is what holds us together.
Wishing you all a HAPPY PURIM!

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Features

And now the news – with Laurence Wall

By GERRY POSNER I am betting that many readers will have memories of the Wall family, formerly of Winnipeg, later of Phoenix and Ottawa. For people with long memories like me, (which memories my grandkids define as old ), that means as far back as Dr. Mark and Elsa Wall. The Walls had four sons: Richard, Laurence, Murray and Bruce. Likely, you will know one or more of the boys. Both Richard and Bruce reside in Phoenix, while Laurence and Murray are in Ottawa. Of course, each has a story, but I was certainly taken by the Laurence Wall story.

Born in Montreal in 1954 at a time when his father was doing post graduate work in OBGYN, Laurence grew up in Winnipeg’s south end, on Lanark Street and later Queenston Bay. Wall graduated from Grant Park High School in 1972. From there he was off to the University of Manitoba, where he obtained a BA in 1975. Later that year, he left for Ottawa where he studied journalism at Carleton University, finishing with a Bachelor of Journalism. While at Carleton, he met Roslyn Nudell from Montreal, also a student in the journalism program. They married in 1978.

Wall began his career at the Winnipeg Tribune (and if you can remember the Walls, you’re sure to remember the Tribune). He was a reporter there from 1976-1979. Then he moved to CBC Radio in Winnipeg, first as a story producer for the network program, “Canada Watch,” then a stint as a writer- broadcaster for “ Information Radio”.
In 1983 Wall moved to CBC Saskatoon (much like professional athletes who move from team to team, although for much less remuneration) where he was a radio reporter until 1985. The next stop was at CBC Fredericton from 1985 through 1993. By that time, Wall had moved up to become a senior news editor at the CBC.
In 1993, Wall was hired as a senior editor in Ottawa. He continued in that position for three years. In 1996, he wanted to return to on-air work, so he moved back into the radio booth at CBC Ottawa. He became the afternoon news presenter and never looked back. For 28 years, he wrote and edited dozens of new stories and audio items for 13 different newscasts and news updates every weekday, amassing more than 50,000 newscasts and news updates to his credit.
He retired on May 31, 2024. That day marked the end of an illustrious 44 years with the CBC at four different stations. If you lived in Ottawa, his name was immediately recognizable – so much so that on May 31, 2024, the mayor of Ottawa declared that “ Laurence Wall Day.”

Over the course of his time with CBC in Ottawa, Wall reported on some of the most significant stroies of the day, including the 1998 ice storm; the day to day ups and downs (I think more downs than ups ) of the Ottawa Senators of the NHL; the killing pf Cpl. Nathan Cirillo at the National War Memorial in 2014 – and the chaos that followed; and, of course, Covid 19. In fact, Covid caused a major change in the way Wall presented the news. For Wall broadcasts emanated from the basement of his home in suburban Ottawa, which he jokingly referred to as”CBC Nepean.”

Over the years Wall had the opportunity to meet many celebrities, including Gordon Pinsent, Alan Thicke, Ken Dryden, and Eugene Levy. Wall recounts that, although he didn’t manage to get a photo with Levy, he did get a laugh when he introduced himself to Levy as “just the chopped liver news presenter.” He also interviewed Randy Bachman at the Ottawa Writers Festival.

A side of Wall that is not as well known is his musical bent. Since 2001, Wall hosted hundreds of concerts and events for the Ottawa Music Festival, the Music and Beyond Chamber Festival, the Ottawa Jazz Festival, Opera Lyra Ottawa and the Ottawa Writers Festival. He has worked tirelessly to promote classical music for young people. Not to be forgotten are his own talents on the cello as a player in the 65-member community group known as the Divertimento Orchestra.

Aside from all that, Laurence Wall has MC’d dozens of events for various Jewish organizations in Ottawa, including the Jewish Federation of Ottawa, the Weizmann Institute, the Centre for Holocaust Education and Scholarship, the Canadian Friends of the Hebrew University, Limmud Ottawa, his own Kehillat Beth Israel Synagogue, Active Jewish Adults 50+, and a local choir known as Musica Ebraica. Now that is a list of accomplishments that could fill a “ Wall.”

Laurence and Roslyn are also parents of two daughters and are now grandparents as well to one grandson, with another grandchild on the way. Retirement so far for Wall has been just as fulfilling as his career. You might just say that Laurence Wall has just turned another page in his career.

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Features

95-year-old Holocaust survivor invited to be part of new mini-series reliving the end of darkest period of her life

By MYRON LOVE Klara Belkin has led a life writ large. She was the principal cellist for the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra for 20 years.  As well, for many years, in the winters, she and her late husband, Emile, a violinist, were also members of the Tampa Symphony Orchestra in Tampa Bay. As a teacher, she served as a member of the faculty of the University of Manitoba’s School of Music for almost 20 years.  
Even though Klara Belkin is 95, her career isn’t quite over yet. Recently, she was invited to join Joshua Bell – in New York in September – in a performance with the Columbus Symphony Orchestra of the soundtrack of a projected new four-part miniseries. 
The mini-series, “The Train Near Magdeburg”, is the true story of a train packed with prisoners from Bergen Belsen concentration camp in the early days of April 1945, that was intercepted – and the passengers liberated – by American soldiers. 
For Belkin (who moved to Saskatoon four years ago, after her husband died, to be closer to her daughter, Lisa),the story is personal.  She, her mother, and her brother, were on that train.
Originally from Szeged in Hungary, she and her family were interned in ghettos in 1944. In June of that year, she, her mother, and her brother, were taken to Austria as farm labourers.  (Her father had been taken into the Hungarian army.) In December 1944, they – along with her grandparents – were moved to Bergen Belsen.
“I was lucky in that I was in relatively good health and I was with most of my family,” she said in an earlier interview with the Jewish Post & News, of her time in the concentration camp.
However, in April of 1945, with the Russians closing in, it looked like that luck was about to run out for the 15-year-old and the other surviving prisoners  at Bergen Belsen.  They were all loaded onto boxcars and sent toward Theresienstadt, where – they feared – death awaited them. Their journey came to an end, however on April 13, on the banks of the Elbe River near Magdeburg. A bridge had been blown out and the train could go no further. There were reports that the train was to be plunged into the river or blown up. Before that could happen, the American army arrived on the scene.
“We couldn’t see anything from inside the boxcars,” Belkin recalled. “Suddenly it went quiet. The SS guards had run away. We heard honking outside and then knocking on the boxcar doors. The doors were opened and we saw an American soldier with a gun aimed at us. He couldn’t believe what he saw. He was no doubt expecting to see German soldiers or munitions. Instead, he saw a boxcar full of half dead people.”
Belkin recalled that they were all moved to a nearby village from which the residents had been evacuated. “There were many of us who had typhus and many – including my grandfather – died shortly after liberation,” Belkin said.
Fortunately, her mother, brother, and grandmother also survived. After liberation, Belkin returned to Budapest where the family reconnected with her father and she studied the cello at the Franz Liszt Academy. Following the Hungarian Revolution in October, 1956, she was able to leave Budapest – with the encouragement of her mother – for Vienna. In Vienna, though, the symphony was not hiring any female musicians. So she came to Canada and found a position with the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra. That was also where she met her husband, Emile, a violin player, who was also a member of the WSO.
About 15 years ago, Belkin had an opportunity to meet two of the GI’s who liberated her and her family.  It started with a New York State high school history project. This story began when Lisa Belkin decided to write her mother’s biography. In the course of her research, she came across a tape of an interview that Diane Sawyer had conducted with Hudson Falls, New York, history teacher Matt Rozell (recorded in 2007). In 2001, Rozell had had his students do interviews with surviving World War II veterans living in the area.  First Lieutenant Frank Towers, liaison officer of the 30th Infantry Division, and former tank commander Carrol Walsh (743rd Tank Battalion, 119th Regiment), were among the interviewees.  They were the last two living American soldiers from the unit who saved Klara and the other Jewish prisoners – 600 of them children – near war’s end from almost certain death.
Klara, Emile, and Lisa Belkin met the two veterans in Florida in February 2011. “I was never able to put a face to my liberators before,” Klara Belkin said at the time.
 It was Frank Towers’ duty to arrange food, shelter and care for the former prisoners. Belkin reports that Towers and Walsh frequently spoke about their war experiences and had been invited to the Weizman Institute in Israel where they met with Bergen Belsen historian Bernd Horstmann.
Belkin notes that a reunion in Israel with Towers, Walsh, Rozell and some of the boxcar survivors was talked about – but nothing came of it.
Lisa Belkin reports that she and he mother have seen the first two episodes of the mini-series.  She adds that both the BBC and Netflix may be interested in airing the series in the fall.

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