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Parshat Shekalim: None of Us Can Be Bystanders
There is a timeless Jewish folklore legend, often set in the quaint, mythical town of Chelm, renowned for its endearing tales of simplicity and wit. The story always elicits a wry smile but also imparts a timeless lesson regarding the essence of community and the significance of each individual’s contribution.
One day, the residents of Chelm decided they were going to celebrate a great communal occasion, and that each household should contribute a bottle of wine that would be poured into a collective barrel. The barrel would then provide a blend of the town’s finest vintages for all to enjoy on the great day.
The local beadle was charged with taking the barrel from home to home, where each family poured their bottle of wine into the barrel, so that on the festive day, everyone would benefit from the full selection of wines from across the community.
Finally, the day of the celebration arrived, and, with great excitement, the community president was given the honor of opening the spigot into the first glass of wine. Imagine his surprise — and everyone else’s — when the liquid that emerged was crystal clear. The president took a sip, and lo and behold — it was water.
Apparently, each contributor to the wine appeal had reasoned that if they substituted water for wine, among all the other contributions, who would notice? The result was a barrel of water — and great disappointment.
George Bernard Shaw once said, “The greatest folly in a community effort is the illusion that someone else will do it.” His pithy observation was thoroughly underscored in 1968 by a seminal study conducted by John M. Darley, a professor of psychology at Princeton, and Bibb Latané, a prominent social psychologist at Columbia.
The study focused on a phenomenon they defined as the “bystander effect,” where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. Critically, the lesser the number of bystanders, the more likely any one of them is to help.
Darley and Latané conceived the study after the 1964 murder of Kitty Genovese, a young woman who was stabbed to death outside her apartment in New York City. Reports claimed that numerous witnesses did nothing to intervene or contact the police. The researchers sought to understand why the witnesses failed to act, hypothesizing that the presence of others can lead to a diffusion of responsibility, with each bystander feeling less pressure to respond due to the assumption that someone else will do so.
To test their hypothesis, Darley and Latané conducted a series of experiments. One of the most notable involved participants being placed in a room alone or with others, who were actually confederates of the researchers and not real participants.
During the experiment, participants overheard what seemed to be a real emergency: for example, a person having a seizure in an adjacent room. The key measure was whether participants would leave the room to try and get help, and how quickly they would do so.
The findings were striking. Participants were significantly less likely to help when they believed that others were also aware of the seizure. If they were alone, 85% of participants went for help, compared to only 31% when they believed that there were four other witnesses.
This compelling evidence of the “bystander effect” demonstrated how the presence of others inhibits people from taking action in emergency situations.
This Saturday, in synagogues across the world, we will hear Parshat Shekalim, recalling the time in Jewish history when every adult Jew gave a half-shekel donation towards the upkeep of the Temple in Jerusalem. This passage from Exodus (30:11-16) describes God’s commandment to Moses to take a census of the Israelite men over the age of 20 by having each one give a half shekel of silver.
It has always struck me as odd that each person was expected to give the same amount, notwithstanding their economic circumstances. But perhaps this was God’s way of ensuring that the “bystander effect” never gained traction among the Jewish people.
By mandating the same amount from everyone, the Torah emphasizes a revolutionary concept: not just the equal worth of every individual’s contribution to communal life but the importance of everyone’s involvement in society, not just letting others do the work while you stand on the sidelines.
This message of half-shekel uniformity is that no one’s offering is deemed less significant because of its monetary value. It is a statement that every person, regardless of their economic status, has an invaluable role to play in the community’s well-being and sanctity. This inclusivity fosters a sense of belonging and significance among all members, reinforcing the idea that collective strength is derived from the unity and commitment of its individuals. No one can ever afford to be a bystander, and no community can afford to have bystanders.
The equality of everyone’s contribution also serves as a reminder that in the eyes of God, the intentions and heartfelt commitment behind an act of giving are as important, if not more so, than the gift itself. This perspective is an inspiration for a community where values like compassion, empathy, and collective responsibility are paramount, creating an environment where everyone’s participation is not only valued but seen as essential to the communal fabric.
This concept of valued contributions extends beyond financial giving to encompass the diverse talents, time, and energy that individuals bring to their communities. Just as the half-shekel symbolizes financial equivalence, the broader application of this principle recognizes the unique contributions each person can make, whether it be in the form of volunteer work, sharing knowledge, or offering moral support. In recognizing and valuing these varied forms of contribution, the community is enriched and strengthened in multiple ways.
In the wake of the harrowing events of October 7th, a profound and stirring example of the principles embodied in Parshat Shekalim and the psychological insights into the bystander effect has unfolded across Israel and the Jewish world. Amidst the devastation and heartbreak, a remarkable array of individual contributions has emerged, which has been a wellspring of strength for us all.
In this time of unparalleled challenges, each person has stepped forward, offering their “half shekel” — not in the form of silver, but through acts of kindness, solidarity, and support, tirelessly working to alleviate the pain and to address the multitude of challenges that have arisen. This collective endeavor, where no act of giving has been deemed too small and no offer of help too insignificant, reflects the very essence of communal resilience and unity. It is the anti-bystander effect phenomenon.
What Parshat Shekalim has taught us — and clearly, it is deeply embedded in our Jewish psyche — is that none of us are bystanders. And this is a principle that guides us, animates us, and ultimately helps us get through a crisis so that we get to see better times.
The author is a rabbi in Beverly Hills, California.
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Palestinian Authority Condemns Hamas for US Talks
Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas addresses the 79th United Nations General Assembly at United Nations headquarters in New York, US, Sept. 26, 2024. Photo: REUTERS/Brendan McDermid
The Palestinian Authority (PA) denounced Hamas for what it called “contacts with foreign parties,” seemingly referring to the terrorist group’s recent direct negotiations with the United States on the possibility of releasing US hostages being held in Gaza.
On Tuesday, Nabil Abu Rudeineh, a spokesman for PA President Mahmoud Abbas, condemned Hamas for opening communication with foreign parties, accusing the terrorist group of “dividing the Palestinian national position” and breaking laws against such contacts, the official PA news agency Wafa reported.
“Opening channels of communication with foreign parties and conducting negotiations with them without a national mandate is a violation of the Palestinian law that criminalizes communicating with foreign parties,” Rudeineh said in a statement.
He also said the talks undermine ongoing discussions for post-war rebuilding efforts – particularly the Egyptian-Palestinian plan for Gaza’s reconstruction outlined in the emergency summit in Cairo earlier this month – and weaken efforts to prevent “the displacement of Palestinians from their homeland.”
The presidential spokesman urged Hamas to transfer control of the Gaza Strip to the PA, aiming to reunite Gaza and the West Bank “under the rule of a single national authority, a single law, a single weapon, and a single legitimate political representation.”
The PA, a rival of Hamas, has sought to publicly distance itself from the terrorist group while also engaging in Palestinian reconciliation talks. However, PA officials have been regularly rationalizing Hamas’s Oct. 7, 2023, massacre across southern Israel and in some cases even denying it took place or falsely claiming Israeli forces carried out the onslaught that started the Gaza war.
In a separate statement this week, Abbas’s ruling Fatah Party accused Hamas of “only representing itself and Iran, as one of its agents in the region.”
Iran has backed Hamas for years, providing the terrorist group with weapons, funding, and training.
“Those who accepted the description of ‘nice’ from the American envoy [Adam Boehler] after offering concessions do not represent our people,” Fatah said.
“Statements made by Hamas leaders who fled Gaza and are living in luxurious hotels in Qatar reveal the extent of Hamas’s involvement in these conspiracies and schemes that target our people and their just national cause.”
Last year, Fatah, the main Palestinian faction in the West Bank and the movement that controls the PA, lambasted Iran for meddling in internal Palestinian affairs, accusing the Iranian regime of spreading chaos in its territory.
Over the past few weeks, meetings between Hamas leaders and US hostage envoy Adam Boehler have been reported, focusing on the possibility of releasing US hostages being held in Gaza.
“The reason that I met Hamas is because I want to work to help to get Americans and Israelis out,” Boehler said during an interview with Israel’s Kan News.
He also explained that he wanted to understand the terrorist organization’s demands for ending the Gaza war. “Some of the things that they talked about were relatively reasonable and workable things,” he said.
On Monday, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said that the talks with Hamas were a rare and isolated event, and they have not yet produced any results.
“That was a one-off situation in which our special envoy for hostages, whose job it is to get people released, had an opportunity to talk directly to someone who has control over these people and was given permission and encouraged to do so,” Rubio said.
This week, US President Donald Trump’s special envoy to the Middle East, Steve Witkoff, traveled to Qatar, which hosts several Hamas leaders, to join an Israeli delegation for talks with Hamas about extending the fragile ceasefire in Gaza.
While Israel hopes the US will push forward a plan for a two-month truce extension, starting with the release of about half of the living hostages, Hamas has so far rejected the plan, insisting on immediate talks about the second phase of the ceasefire, which would end the war and lead to a full Israeli troop withdrawal.
Hamas-led Palestinian terrorists started the war in Gaza when they murdered 1,200 people and kidnapped 251 hostages during their invasion of and massacre across southern Israel on Oct. 7, 2023.
Israel responded with a military campaign aimed at freeing the hostages and dismantling Hamas’s military and governing capabilities in neighboring Gaza.
Earlier this year, both sides reached a ceasefire and hostage-release deal brokered by the US, Egypt, and Qatar.
The first phase, which ended on March 1, saw Hamas release 25 living Israeli hostages and the remains of eight others – in exchange for about 1,800 Palestinian prisoners held by Israel – as well as five living Thai hostages.
Most Arab states have rejected Trump’s plan to “take over” Gaza to rebuild the war-torn enclave, while relocating Palestinians elsewhere during reconstruction efforts.
Trump has called on Egypt, Jordan, and other Arab states to take in Palestinians from Gaza after about 16 months of war between Israel and Hamas.
Middle Eastern leaders, expected to bear much of the financial burden of rebuilding Gaza, have struggled to propose their own plan but insist on a role for the Palestinian Authority, while also advocating for a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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Iran’s Growing Military Ties With China, Russia Present a ‘Danger’ to US and Israeli Security, Experts Warn
A Chinese warship sails during the joint navy exercise of Iran, China, and Russia in the Gulf of Oman, Iran, March 12, 2025. Photo: Iranian Army/WANA (West Asia News Agency)/Handout via REUTERS
Expanding military cooperation between Iran, China, and Russia presents a rising threat to the US and its allies in the Middle East, especially Israel, according to experts who spoke with The Algemeiner.
The warning came as Iran, China, and Russia on Wednesday concluded three days of joint naval drills in Iranian territorial waters in the Gulf of Oman, located in the northern Indian Ocean, bolstering defense cooperation as tensions in the Middle East mount over Tehran’s expanding nuclear program and terrorist proxies across the region.
The joint drills — called the Maritime Security Belt 2025 — also took place near the strategic Strait of Hormuz off southeast Iran, a critical passageway for global energy supplies through which a fifth of all crude oil traded worldwide passes. Iran has previously threatened to close the waterway if conflict breaks out with the US and Israel.
According to Jack Burnham, a research analyst at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD), a Washington, DC-based think tank, such joint drills will allow the three authoritarian regimes to become more interoperable with each other while gaining valuable experience operating in a strategically sensitive environment.
This week’s joint naval exercise was the fifth conducted by Iranian, Chinese, and Russian military forces since 2019.
“The most recent iteration of these naval drills between Iran, China, and Russia highlights these capitals’ growing ties during a period of international turmoil,” Burnham told The Algemeiner. “In recent months, Russia and Iran have cemented closer defense ties, China has allegedly shipped missile components to Iran and its proxies, and China and Russia celebrated the anniversary of the Ukraine war by reaffirming their ‘no limits’ partnership.”
He also explained that such cooperation will allow the Iranian, Chinese, and Russian militaries to feel more comfortable operating together if a regional crisis emerges, adding that joint exercises may eventually lead to other forms of defense cooperation, “such as transferring cutting-edge military technologies between authoritarian states bent on challenging the West.”
“For Israel and for the region, the possibility of Iran and its proxies strengthening their already-comprehensive arsenals via access to Chinese and Russian weapons components presents a clear danger to its security,” Burnham said.
According to Iranian state media, this week’s joint drills featured warships and combat and support vessels from the Chinese and Russian navies, as well as warships from Iran’s naval forces, including both the regular military and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, an internationally designated terrorist organization.
The Iranian Navy’s deputy head of operations, Rear Admiral Mostafa Tajeddini, said these exercises aimed to “strengthen security in the region and expand multilateral cooperation between participating countries,” with the main goal of enhancing maritime security in the northern Indian Ocean, the Iranian state news agency IRNA reported.
The naval drills were monitored by observers from Azerbaijan, South Africa, Oman, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Qatar, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, and Sri Lanka who traveled to Tehran.
In a statement, the Chinese Defense Ministry said the drills aimed at “enhancing military trust and strengthening practical cooperation,” including simulated strikes on maritime targets, visit-board-search-seizure operations, and search and rescue missions.
Both China and Russia have had deep interests in Iran as a partner in the Middle East. Beijing has continued to purchase Iranian crude oil despite Western sanctions and remains one of the top markets for Iranian imports. Meanwhile, Russia has relied on Iran for the supply of bomb-carrying drones used in its war on Ukraine.
According to John Lee, a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute, a Washington, DC-based think tank, cooperation between China, Russia, and Iran has evolved from primarily political, diplomatic, and economic coordination to increasingly include military elements over the past half decade.
“Such exercises indicate that these three countries are preparing to work together across multiple potential conflict zones from the Middle East and Persian Gulf to Eastern Europe to Northeast Asia,” Lee told The Algemeiner.
“That they are practicing tactical strikes against sea-based targets as well as search and seizure operations is a simulation of what would be needed during a hot war with the US and its allies,” he continued.
Lee also explained that these three countries are united by their goal of undermining American power, with Iran trying to weaken Israel and disrupt stability in the Persian Gulf, Russia aiming to challenge NATO and expand into Eastern Europe, and China focused on integrating Taiwan and controlling the South China Sea.
With Iran seeking to coerce and gain leverage by disrupting shipping in the Persian Gulf, Lee argued that US hard power and influence are the key factors preventing these objectives from being realized.
“In a war scenario, the Persian Gulf and other choke points such as the Gulf of Aden become of immense strategic and tactical importance,” Lee said. “Deeper cooperation with Russia and China could allow Iran to exert its presence and influence in these bodies of water.”
Iran’s growing ties with China and Russia come at a time when Tehran is facing increasing sanctions by the United States, particularly on its oil industry, as part of the Trump administration’s “maximum pressure” campaign aimed at cutting the country’s crude exports to zero and preventing it from obtaining a nuclear weapon.
Even though Tehran has denied wanting to develop a nuclear weapon, the UN nuclear watchdog – the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) – has warned that Iran is “dramatically” accelerating uranium enrichment to up to 60 percent purity, close to the roughly 90 percent weapons-grade level.
On Wednesday, the UN Security Council met behind closed doors to discuss Tehran’s nuclear program and its obligation to provide the IAEA with “the information necessary to clarify outstanding issues related to undeclared nuclear material detected at multiple locations in Iran,” diplomat told Reuters.
Tehran has repeatedly claimed that its nuclear program is for civilian purposes rather than weapon development.
However, Western states have said there is no “credible civilian justification” for the country’s recent nuclear activity, arguing it “gives Iran the capability to rapidly produce sufficient fissile material for multiple nuclear weapons.”
Last week, Iran’s so-called “supreme leader,” Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, said Tehran will not be bullied into negotiations after US President Donald Trump revealed he had sent a letter to the country’s top authority to negotiate a nuclear deal.
Last month, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi rejected the possibility of nuclear talks with Washington.
“There will be no possibility of direct talks between us and the United States on the nuclear issue as long as the maximum pressure is applied in this way,” Araghchi said during a joint press conference with his visiting Russian counterpart, Sergei Lavrov.
China will hold a meeting on Friday in Beijing with Russia and Iran on the Iranian “nuclear issue”, its foreign ministry said at a press conference, further highlighting the growing cooperation between the three powers.
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‘Little Gaza’: US Sen. Tom Cotton Introduces Legislation to Combat Campus Radicalism
US Sen. Tom Cotton (R-AK) speaks during a Senate Intelligence Committee hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC, March 11, 2024. Photo: REUTERS/Julia Nikhinson
US Sen. Tom Cotton (R-AR) has proposed two new bills which would impose legal sanctions on purveyors of seditious, pro-terror ideologies on university campuses and the higher education institutions that harbor them, advancing the Republican Party’s offensive against the pro-Hamas student movement.
Shared first with Breitbart News, a news outlet that was instrumental in launching US President Donald Trump’s populist movement, the “No Student Loans for Campus Criminals Act” and “Woke Endowment Security Tax (WEST)” come amid a series of riotous demonstrations promoting antisemitic ideas, as well as the goals of the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas, and a widespread perception that elite universities have not done enough to combat them.
“First, any pro-Hamas protester convicted of a crime should be ineligible for federal student loans, and federal student loan relief. The American people should not be on the hook for the tuition of Little Gaza inhabitants,” Cotton said in a social media post on Tuesday announcing his introduction of the bills. “Second, our elite universities need to know the cost of pushing anti-American and pro-terrorist agendas.”
He continued, “The WEST Act would tax the largest university endowments to help pay down national debt and secure our southern border.”
As Cotton mentioned in his social media posts, the No Student Loans for Campus Criminals Act would prevent any campus protestor convicted of a crime from receiving federal student loans or student loan relief. Meanwhile, the WEST Act would institute a 6 percent excise tax on the endowments of 11 American universities, using the proceeds to pay down the national debt and secure the southern border shared with Mexico. According to Cotton’s office, the bill would generate $16.6 billion in revenue.
Republican lawmakers have called for holding higher education accountable since Hamas’s Oct. 7, 2023, massacre across southern Israel set off an explosion of antisemitic sentiment on college campuses, causing a succession of conflagrations which still are still burning hot at schools such as Columbia University.
In December, the Republican-led US House Committee on Education and the Workforce issued a report, which said that nothing short of a revolution of the current habits and ideas which constitute the current higher education regime can prevent similar episodes of unrest from occurring in the future. Colleges, it continued, need equal enforcement of civil rights laws to protect Jewish students from discrimination and “viewpoint diversity” to prevent the establishment of ideological echo chambers. It also said that “academic rigor,” undermined by years of dissolving educational standards for political purposes, would guard against the reduction of complex social issues into the sloganeering of “scholar activism,” in which faculty turn the classroom into a soapbox and reward students who mimic them.
The new Trump administration has taken steps to convert this vision into policy since assuming power in January.
On Friday, it canceled $400 million in funding to Columbia University as punishment for the school’s alleged harboring of antisemitic faculty, students, and staff and shielding them from disciplinary sanctions. Prior to that, US President Donald Trump issued a highly anticipated executive order which calls for “using all appropriate legal tools to prosecute, remove, or otherwise … hold to account perpetrators of unlawful antisemitic harassment and violence.”
A major provision of the order authorizes the deportation of extremist “alien” student activists, whose support for terrorist organizations, intellectual and material, such as Hamas contributed to fostering antisemitism, violence, and property destruction on college campuses. That policy is currently being challenged in the courts, as a federal judge in Manhattan has halted its application to the case of a male alumnus of Columbia University who was arrested by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) after being identified as an architect of the Hamilton Hall building takeover, which took place during the closing weeks of the 2023-2024 academic year.
On Monday, US Education Secretary Linda McMahon announced that dozens of colleges and universities will be investigated for civil rights violations stemming from their alleged failure to address campus antisemitism. McMahon named 55 institutions, public and private, in total that were not included in the administration’s February announcement of five investigations of antisemitism at Columbia University, Northwestern University, Portland State University, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.
The new schools include: Harvard University, Swarthmore College, Drexel University, and Princeton University — all of which have struggled with antisemitic anti-Israel activity and pro-Hamas agitation, as The Algemeiner has previously reported.
Follow Dion J. Pierre @DionJPierre.
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