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The buzzy novel ‘Whalefall’ offers a modern spin on the ancient Book of Jonah
(JTA) — If one were to imagine what the prophet Jonah saw on his way down into the gullet of the whale, it might be something like this:
He slides feet first into its mouth on two inches of warm slime, the effluvia of a thousand squids past. Tooth sockets above him now, rancid black pits. Teeth passing on either side, yellowed cones, one missing, one fractured, one putrid with rot…The quaking cave of the mouth…His bare foot plants into a cold mash.
The scene, however, is actually a passage from one of the year’s buzziest novels: “Whalefall,” by Daniel Kraus, tells of a 17-year-old diver named Jay Gardiner who is swallowed by a massive sperm whale, in whose innards he is forced to reconcile with responsibility for his late father’s last wishes while desperately trying to escape. The book has already been optioned for a movie by Ron Howard and Brian Glazer’s Imagine Entertainment.
Though billed by its publisher as “The Martian” meets “127 Hours,” “Whalefall” is actually a modern midrash on a very ancient biblical book — one Jews will read on Yom Kippur afternoon.
The novel is divided into two sections, “Truth” and “Mercy,” the tension between which the Book of Jonah sits. The ancient prophet, after all, is given a commandment by God to warn residents of the Assyrian city of Nineveh to repent, lest they be punished. Identified as “son of Amitai” — that is, “son of Truth” — Jonah objects to the possibility of repentance and God’s forgiveness, taking it to be a compromise of divine justice.
Refusing the order, Jonah flees by boat to Tarshish, a distant city. God sends a storm to toss the boat, yet an unrepentantly defiant Jonah heads to his cabin, content to sleep his way through a watery death. “Arise, call to your God,” comes the desperate cry of the sailors on the ship. “Why are you asleep? Perhaps mercy will be granted upon us by God and we will be spared.”
Jonah, under pressure, admits that he is the cause of the heavenly wrath, and the sailors, hesitatingly, haul him overboard. There, swallowed by a large fish, he cries out to God from Sheol, a netherworldly dark place of despair. Jonah yearns, in the fifth verse of the book’s second chapter, to merit reconciling with God by visiting his holy Temple.
“Whalefall” is also told with a dual structure, jumping between flashbacks to Jay’s childhood and frequent fights with his belligerent, zealous and neglectful father, and Jay’s race-against-the-oxygen-tank attempt to emerge from the whale. At one point, Jay falls out with his father and flees to the home of a girl named Chloe Tarshish, where he sleeps on a futon and watches foreign films.
In “Whalefall,” Sheol Landfill is on the outskirts of Salinas, California, where — a year before the suicide of Jay’s terminally ill father, Mitt — Mr. Sheol would let a 10-year-old Jay and his eco-warrior dad sift through the junkyard for castoff diving gear. Reassuring an anxious Jay that his father will emerge safely from the trash heap, Sheol comforts him: “This here’s my temple. Nothing happens without my say-so.”
The novel’s title comes from the scientific term for how a dead whale sinks to the bottom of the ocean. There its body is stripped by crustaceans and other sea creatures, sustaining an underwater ecosystem for years to come.
Jay’s own father chose a similar fate, as the novel reveals. A once vibrant and fit man — who would awaken Jay and his sisters with a daily call of “Sleepers, arise!” — he slowly descended into depression. A combination of cancer and melancholy over humanity’s destructive attitude towards nature led him to weigh down his body with diving weights and jump off of the side of a friend’s ship. When the friend, a kindly Jewish dentist named Hewey, informs Jay what happened, Jay can’t even bring himself to cry, so raw are his psychological wounds from his and his father’s quarrels.
Hewey, whose name is perhaps a punning allusion to the four-letter name for God traditionally unpronounced by Jews, embodies God’s moral argument for mercy in the Book of Jonah. And while at no point in the novel is Jonah actually named, it’s Hewey who brings him up: “Let me tell you the lesson of this prophet,” he says. “Truth never outweighs mercy.”
Jay is trapped in the whale during an ill-advised solo dive looking to recover his father’s body. Off the coast of Monterey Beach after dark, he encounters an Architeuthis, a deep ocean-dwelling squid. While sperm whales don’t normally eat humans, they do eat squid, and Jay is taken into the whale’s mouth in a whirl of water. A sequence of dangers compounds his rapidly depleting air supply, including floating sharp objects, the whale’s crushing internal organs and a carabiner that he can’t dislodge from his diving gear while attempting to swim to safety.
As the New York Times put it in its review, “At a certain point he begins to seem less like Jonah and more like Job — the hapless vessel for every bit of bad luck you can think of, and a lot more besides.”
As Jay processes what he still owes his father while desperately fighting to return to shore, subtle allusions to Jonah surface. For every memory of his father’s abuse, there is a recollection of the lives he saved — just as the sailors on Jonah’s boat were spared. The sympathy Jay feels towards the swallowed squid could be an allusion to God’s argument, in the closing verse of Jonah, about the grace he will grant not only to the thousands of Ninevites “who cannot distinguish between their right and their left” but also to the similarly deserving “many animals.”
More explicit is Jay’s internal wrestling with whether we can change our very nature — a central preoccupation of the Book of Jonah and, of course, Yom Kippur. After all, it is Jonah, the son of Truth, who is “displeased” when God spares the Ninevites. Jonah cannot accept that God has changed God’s mind, or that the Ninevites might be persuaded to change their ways. He cannot accept forgiveness of wrongs.
Kraus is a horror writer who worked with filmmaker Guillermo del Toro on the hit film “The Shape of Water” and created the books that inspired the Netflix series “Trollhunters.” Early in his career, he made documentaries about American workers including Rabbi Jay Holstein, Kraus’ former professor at the University of Iowa whose class “The Judeo-Christian Tradition” he said was among the most formative he took.
Alongside conscious allusions to Pinnochio, Moby Dick, John Steinbeck’s “Cannery Row” and Tom Petty’s “Free Fallin’,” Kraus seems to offer a Christian understanding of Jonah. At one point Jay recalls his father’s noting that “a life of poor choices could be washed from you every time you dipped under,” a clear allusion to baptism. (It’s not a spoiler to say that Mitt’s body, like that of Jesus, is never found.)
Yet Jonah’s message in the Jewish tradition differs from Kraus’ reading. Forgiveness is not to be sought in superseding earthly existence and seeking rebirth through death. The pre-High Holiday custom to dip in the mikvah is a this-worldly charge to repair what has been sundered, in our relationships and in our environment, through our own imperfect individual efforts. We struggle, like Jay and like Jonah, with the obligations foisted on us by our ancestors. At the same time, we hope to find in ourselves the capacity to change and the mercy of God, that ability to forgive even when it feels untrue to our principles, as God did the Ninevites.
At one point, amidst the dark deep, Jay realizes he’s “got time to arrange his final thought. What would he like it to be?” When faced with the same choice, what will be our answer?
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The post The buzzy novel ‘Whalefall’ offers a modern spin on the ancient Book of Jonah appeared first on Jewish Telegraphic Agency.
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Liri Albag Celebrates 20th Birthday at Hospital With Other Hostages Released From Gaza
Liri Albag, center, standing from a balcony inside Israel’s Rabin Medical Center and watching an orchestra performance for her birthday alongside Agam Berger, Daniella Gilboa, Karina Ariev, and Naama Levy. Photo:
American Friends of Rabin Medical Center
Liri Albag, who was recently released from captivity in Gaza as part of the Israel-Hamas ceasefire, celebrated her 20th birthday on Tuesday with other former hostages at Rabin Medical Center’s Beilinson Hospital in Petach Tikvah, Israel, where she is recovering after returning home 10 days earlier.
An orchestra came to the hospital to perform a small concert for Albag, who celebrated her previous birthday in Hamas captivity. The songs included Leonard Cohen’s “Hallelujah” and “Happy Birthday.” She watched from a balcony on one of the upper floors of the hospital alongside other freed hostages Agam Berger, Daniella Gilboa, Karina Ariev, and Naama Levy. All five women were serving as surveillance soldiers in the Israel Defense Forces when they were kidnapped from an IDF base in Nahal Oz by Hamas-led terrorists during their deadly rampage in southern Israel on Oct. 7, 2023.
Albag, Gilboa, Ariev, and Levy returned together after 15 months in Hamas captivity as part of the ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas. Five days later, Berger was also released as part of the ceasefire deal.
Albag uploaded a post on Instagram about her birthday and wrote: “Today I get to celebrate my 20th birthday with my loved ones. The only wish I asked for — is for all the hostages to return.”
Her older sister, Roni Albag, shared a photo from the birthday celebrations on Instagram and wrote in the caption: “Our Lirosh, our number 1. I dreamed of this moment countless times and here you are. Today you celebrate your 20th birthday at home!!! Today you celebrate the life that was given to you again. You are our victory, our heart and the light of our home. I love you and am here for you forever and ever.”
Liri posted on social media on Friday for the first time since returning from captivity. In an Instagram post, she thanked the people of Israel for their “support, love, and help.” She said, “Together, we are strength.” She also thanked the IDF and members of Israel’s security forces “who sacrificed their souls and fought for us and our country! There isn’t a morning that I don’t pray for their safety.”
“Finally got to reunite with my family! But our fight isn’t over and I won’t stop fighting until everyone is home!” she added. “I want us to continue to stay united, because together nothing can break us. The unity and hope we have in us scares all our enemies, amazes all our lovers, and comforts the people among us. A sentence that used to accompany me was ‘at the end of every night, darkness disappears.’ And I wish that everyone can see the light.”
Seven surveillance soldiers were abducted from the Nahal Oz base on Oct. 7, 2023, including Noa Marciano, who was killed in Hamas captivity, and Ori Megidish, who was rescued by the IDF in October 2023.
The post Liri Albag Celebrates 20th Birthday at Hospital With Other Hostages Released From Gaza first appeared on Algemeiner.com.
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US Lawmakers Mostly Skeptical at Trump Proposal for US to ‘Take Over’ Gaza
US President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu meet at the White House in Washington, DC, US, Feb. 4, 2025. Photo: REUTERS/Elizabeth Frantz
US lawmakers from both major parties mostly pushed back against President Donald Trump’s bombshell declaration that the US would “take over” the Gaza Strip to build the war-torn Palestinian enclave back up, with some members of Congress accusing Trump of endangering American troops, destabilizing the Middle East, and floating an ethnic cleansing campaign in Gaza.
On Tuesday night, Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who was visiting the White House, held a press conference following their private meeting in the Oval Office. Trump asserted that the US would assume control of Gaza and develop it economically into “the Riviera of the Middle East” after Palestinians are resettled elsewhere.
“The US will take over the Gaza Strip, and we will do a job with it too,” Trump told reporters. “We’ll own it and be responsible for dismantling all of the dangerous unexploded bombs and other weapons on the site.”
“We’re going to develop it, create thousands and thousands of jobs, and it’ll be something that the entire Middle East can be very proud of,” Trump added. “I do see a long-term ownership position and I see it bringing great stability to that part of the Middle East.”
He suggested that Palestinians “should not go through a process of rebuilding” be relocated to other countries in the region, at least for the time being.
“That’s insane. I can’t think of a place on earth that would welcome American troops less and where any positive outcome is less likely,” Sen. Chris Coons (D-DE) said of the idea.
Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC), one of the most strident allies of Israel in Congress, expressed skepticism about Trump’s proposal, calling it “problematic.”
“We’ll see what the Arab world says, but you know, that’d be problematic at many, many levels,” Graham said.
Sen. Tim Kaine (D-VA) repudiated Trump’s comments as “nuts” and suggested that members of both parties would be opposed to an American takeover of Gaza.
“I don’t know where this came from, but I can tell you … that would not get many expressions of support from Democrats or Republicans up here,” Kaine said.
Sen. Rand Paul rebuked the idea of sending American troops to secure Gaza, likening the proposal to an “occupation.”
“I thought we voted for America First. We have no business contemplating yet another occupation to doom our treasure and spill our soldiers’ blood,” Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) said.
White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt told reporters on Wednesday that Trump has not committed to putting US troops on the ground in Gaza as part of his proposal, saying the US needs to be involved in the rebuilding of Gaza “to ensure stability in the region” but that “does not mean boots on the ground” in the enclave.
Meanwhile, Sen. Chris Murphy (D-CT) dismissed the seriousness of Trump’s proposal, instead accusing the president of using Gaza as a distraction.
“I have news for you — we aren’t taking over Gaza. But the media and the chattering class will focus on it for a few days and Trump will have succeeded in distracting everyone from the real story — the billionaires seizing government to steal from regular people,” Murphy said on X/Twitter.
Sen. Thom Tillis (R-NC) also expressed skepticism that the plan would ever come to fruition.
“Obviously it’s not going to happen. I don’t know under what circumstance it would make sense even, even for Israel”
Rep. Rashida Tlaib (D-MI), the only Palestinian American in Congress and an outspoken critic of Israel, was apoplectic at Trump’s proposal, accusing the president of orchestrating an “ethnic cleansing” effort.
“Palestinians aren’t going anywhere. This president can only spew this fanatical bulls—t because of bipartisan support in Congress for funding genocide and ethnic cleansing,” Tlaib wrote on X/Twitter.
However, a handful of lawmakers expressed support for Trump’s proposal to completely overhaul Gaza.
Speaker of the House Rep. Mike Johnson (R-LA) praised Trump’s press conference as “strong and decisive.”
“We’ve got to stand in an unwavering manner with Israel, our closest ally in the Middle East. The strong and decisive move is an important step in that regard,” Johnson said.
“It just makes sense to make the neighborhood there safer,” he added. “It’s common sense.”
Likewise, Rep. Marsha BlackburnT (R-TN) stated that Trump’s proposal “will eliminate Hamas terrorists and create economic prosperity.”
Sen. John Fetterman (D-PA), one of the strongest defenders of Israel in Congress, called Trump’s comments “provocative” but “part of a conversation.”
“The Palestinians have refused, or they’ve been unwilling to deliver, a government that provided security and economic development for themselves,” Fetterman said. “They allowed Oct. 7 to occur, and now Gaza has to be rebuilt. Where are the people going to live? Where are they going to go? So it’s part of a conversation with where they’re at right now.”
While many foreign policy experts opposed Trump’s proposal for reasons similar to those expressed by lawmakers, others saw potential merit, suggesting that relocating civilians from Gaza would bolster Israel’s safety and provide Palestinians with a better quality of life.
“To be clear, the position that human beings must remained trapped in ruins to be used as human shields for a brutal terrorist organization and political pawns in a 77-year war to destroy the State of Israel is the anti-human rights position,” wrote Richard Goldberg, senior adviser for the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD).
David Friedman, the US ambassador to Israel during the first Trump administration, praised Trump’’ plan, saying that “most people in Gaza wanted to leave even before 10/7 [Hamas’s invasion of Israel on Oct. 7, 2023, which started the Gaza war], but no one would take them in.”
“Assuming civilians agree to leave but Hamas sympathizers and terrorists do not, Hamas will be deprived of its most strategic weapon — human shields — and its eradication will be accelerated,” Friedman continued.
Steve Witkoff, the current US special envoy to the Middle East, hinted at support for Trump’s plan, arguing that Palestinians in Gaza deserve a “better life” and “better opportunities.”
“A better life is not necessarily tied to the physical space that you’re in today,” Witkoff said to Fox News host Sean Hannity. “That doesn’t occur because you get to pitch a tent in the Gaza Strip.”
Trump’s press conference echoed comments he made to reporters earlier on Tuesday, in which he also called for the relocation of Gaza’s civilians to Egypt, Jordan, and other Arab states, referring to the enclave as a “demolition site” and saying residents have “no alternative” but to leave.
“[The Palestinians] have no alternative right now” but to leave Gaza, Trump told reporters before Netanyahu arrived. “I mean, they’re there because they have no alternative. What do they have? It is a big pile of rubble right now.”
Despite Trump’s insistence, Arab leaders have adamantly rejected the president’s proposal, claiming that they would not absorb civilians from the war-torn Gaza Strip. Trump has not offered any specifics about how a resettlement process could be implemented.
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Israelis Prefer Saudi Normalization Along With Creation of Palestinian State Over West Bank Annexation: Poll
Israeli national flags flutter near office towers at a business park also housing high tech companies, at Ofer Park in Petah Tikva, Israel, Aug. 27, 2020. Photo: REUTERS/Ronen Zvulun
Israelis prefer normalizing relations with Saudi Arabia along with the creation of a Palestinian state over the annexation of the West Bank, new polling shows.
The poll, released by the aChord Research Institute at Hebrew University, found that given the choice to “promote a regional political-security arrangement that includes normalization with Arab states, including Saudi Arabia, and agreeing to establish a Palestinian state” or to “promote full annexation of the West Bank,” 60 percent of Israelis prefer the former while 31 percent prefer the latter.
Another 9 percent said they were unsure.
The newly released poll was conducted last month, as US President Donald Trump returned to the White House.
During his first term as president, Trump’s administration brokered the Abraham Accords, agreements between Israel and numerous Arab states to normalize relations. However, Saudi Arabia was not one of them, and both Washington and Jerusalem have seen Israeli-Saudi normalization as a key goal to foster greater peace, stability, and prosperity in the Middle East.
Saudi Arabia’s foreign ministry said in a statement on Wednesday that Riyadh would not establish ties with Israel without the creation of a Palestinian state. The statement came one day after Trump said the United States would take over Gaza after Palestinians are resettled elsewhere and develop it economically. No Arab country has expressed willingness to take in Palestinians from Gaza.
Some observers have speculated that Trump’s comments are designed to act as leverage in negotiations concerning either the next phase of the Gaza ceasefire and hostage-release deal or Saudi Arabia establishing diplomatic relations with Israel.
As for the West Bank, a reporter asked Trump on Monday whether he supports Israel potentially annexing parts of the territory. Though Trump refused to answer the question directly, he seemed to indicate dissatisfaction with the size of Israel’s territorial boundaries, noting that the Jewish state is a “very small piece of land” and praising Israelis for their “amazing” accomplishments despite their country’s size.
Mike Huckabee, who Trump nominated to serve as the next US ambassador to Israel, has defended Israel’s right to build settlements in the West Bank, acknowledging the Jewish people’s ties to the land dating back to the ancient world.
Israelis who support annexing parts of the West Bank similarly note the Jewish people’s deep connection, both religiously and historically, to the land, as well as the fact that areas with well established settlements would likely be part of Israel under a two-state solution.
The two goals of Israeli-Saudi normalization and West Bank annexation are widely seen as mutually exclusive, as annexation would likely preclude many Arab states, most importantly Saudi Arabia, from considering normalization.
The Hebrew University poll also found that the majority of the Israeli public (55 percent) supports completing the hostage deal through all its phases and thus ending the war in Gaza. However, 59 percent also believe the deal damages Israel’s security situation, as thousands of terrorists will be released from Israeli prisons under the agreement.
There is also optimism about Trump entering office again. Sixty percent of Israelis say they believe he will act in Israel’s interests, according to the poll.
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