Features
A visit to the Children of Israel Cemetery in Transcona – the Jewish community’s first cemetery
By SHARON LOVE My first visit to the Children of Israel Cemetery was in August 2008. A descriptive article about this group visit, written by Matt Bellan (zl), then editor of The Jewish Post & News can be found in the Aug. 20th, 2008 edition.
Over the years I hadn’t thought very much about going there again. This past year I was a student in the Yiddish Literature and Language class instructed by Professor Itay Zutra. The class was part of the Judaic Studies curriculum held at the University of Manitoba. We were reading “Motl Peysi the Cantor’s Son” in Yiddish, which was written by the renowned Yiddish author Sholem Aleichem.
Towards the end of the spring term I started thinking about the cemetery because Nissel Rabbinovich Zimmerman is buried there. He was the uncle of Sholem Aleichem, whose real name was Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich. I knew that Professor Zutra and possibly other class members had never been to the cemetery and would probably find it very interesting.
To make arrangements for the visit I called Bill Croydon, the long time building and maintenance supervisor at the Shaarey Zedek Synagogue. The synagogue has maintained the cemetery since the 1950s. Bill suggested that we wait a few more weeks after the initial phone conversation until the nearby fields and the cemetery would be fairly dry.
Our group met Bill in the Kildonan Place Shopping Centre parking lot on Reenders Drive in Transcona on Thursday, June 23rd at 11.00 am. An open field separates the cemetery from the main road. It was a hot, sunny morning. We all ‘dressed’ for the mosquitoes. Luckily there weren’t any around to bother us. Bill had seen that the grass was cut short and the cemetery, surrounded by a mesh fence and gate is basically treeless. Trees are on the outer sides of the surrounding fence. This does help to make the cemetery fairly hidden.
Over the years there has been some vandalism. The tombstones have been purposely flattened to discourage such events. It is believed that at most there are 113 graves there. However, due to flooding and loss of original wooden markers, records are incomplete. This is disappointing for current family members who know that they have family buried there but cannot find their graves. There are indeed impressions in the ground in various spots sadly missing markers.
The cemetery was opened in 1883. The last burial was that of Frank Druxerman, which took place in 1933. Some tombstones are rather ornate. The lettering on some has faded and is hard to read. Some have cracks in them, with grass coming up through the cracks. Most have English writing along with Hebrew and some with what looks like possibly Romanian lettering.
Nisl or Nathan Rabbinovich Zimmerman has a very ornate stone as well as a description attesting to his leadership roles in Jewish community life at the time. He passed away in 1898, aged 64. His wife, Hudel, who passed away in 1910, aged 77, is also buried there.
According to Ron and Audrey Zimmerman, Nathan – Ron’s great-grandfather, bought a passport in order for their family to come to Canada. The name on the passport was Zimmerman. Both surnames are on his tombstone. Nathan continued to use Zimmerman for his surname for the rest of his life. Today there is at least a sixth generation of the Zimmerman family.
Sadly, I spotted the tombstone of Samson, the 10-day-old son of H. Bronfman, who passed away on Jan. 4th, 1910. The renowned Bronfman family was on the prairies before most of the family moved east.
I also came across the tombstone of Sarah, the 19-year-old daughter of J. and D. Pierce who drowned (as printed on the stone) on June 22nd, 1894. There was another tombstone of someone else who drowned as well. The tombstone of Lena Abremovich caught my eye. It reads that she was the wife of Leon, and passed away aged 20 in 1893, along with their infant son.
I did find the stone of Sarah Fainstein, who was murdered in her sleep on August 28th, 1913 at 28 years of age. Sarah was the great-grandmother of Wayne Hoffman, who recently published a book titled “The End of Her,” which chronicles his quest to solve the mystery of why she was murdered. Wayne’s book was recently the subject of a long story in The Jewish Post & News (February 2, 2022 edition.).
I know that we found this visit to be both interesting and thought provoking. Life could not have been easy for the souls who are buried there. Professor Zutra was very helpful with translating the printing on many of the tombstones. As a Yiddish language scholar he was very moved to be standing at the grave of Nisl, both a poet and author in his own right.
Thanks also to Bill Croydon, who was very generous in sharing his knowledge of the history of the cemetery. Final discussions left us with unsure feelings. There is a red large Shindico sign in the field west of the cemetery. My friend Sonia Kaplan and I have both heard of a proposed retail and housing development in the area. Bill told us that he heard that the plan is to build around the cemetery. The thought of this makes me sad. I am pleased to note that in his August 2008 article, Matt Bellan mentions the existence of an undeveloped Shindico property in the area. I hope that those wheels are grinding slowly.
This brings to mind the closing lyrics of the song, “If I Were a Rich Man,” with which many of us are familiar from “Fiddler On The Roof.” The song, which is sung by Tevye, is based on the monologue, “If I Were a Rothschild,” written by Shalom Aleichem in 1902. The last two lines of the song ask the question, ‘Would it spoil some vast eternal plan if I were a wealthy man?’
I wonder whether it would spoil some vast eternal plan if those laid to rest so many years ago at the Children of Israel Cemetery could continue to rest there in peace for many years to come.
Features
Understanding the Differences Between the Three Roulette Classes
Roulette is one of those games that denotes the world of casinos most iconically with its spinning wheel and suspenseful moment when people wait for the ball to land on a number. Not all roulette, however, is the same. There are three classes of roulette: European, American, and French. They have rules and variations that somehow make them stand out and give extremely different gaming experiences. Let’s take a look at some of these differences and understand what makes each roulette class special.
The Classic Choice of the European Roulette
The typical character of European Roulette is the presence of a single zero, thus making it highly favorable among players due to a very low house advantage of 2.7% and, therefore, higher odds of winning. It offers a number of inside and outside bets that can suit different players’ appetites for risk. The reason the players like European Roulette is that it is easy to play, and the odds are quite even.
This game of roulette easily finds its place on most online websites in several variants, from differently themed games to different betting limits to accommodate any type of player. Be it a new starter or a seasoned gamer, European Roulette offers them all a slick and smooth experience with good graphics and interaction that they would want more of.
The Elegance and the Strategy of the French Roulette
French Roulette is often touted as the most sophisticated style of the game. It shares this with European Roulette, which also has a single zero wheel; however, the features are different, with the inclusion of various rules termed “La Partage” and “En Prison.” These rules create such a drastic reduction in the house edge down to as low as 1.35% on even-money bets that it affords the player a number of options for a gaming experience. French Roulette also boasts an assortment of table layouts and special bets that give the game a strategic edge, intriguing experienced players.
Spin Casino roulette games offer a sophisticated, classic European casino atmosphere in the version of French Roulette. The detailed tutorials and user-friendly interface mean that new players will take no time to learn the nuances of this great game, allowing everyone to enjoy the strategic depth of this variation.
The American Roulette, With High Stakes
Another successful variant is American Roulette, most especially in North American casinos. The key difference between American and European roulette lies in the addition of a double zero slot on the wheel. This adds to a 5.26% house edge, thereby giving it a moderate advantage over its European cousin. This also contains an extra layer of unpredictability and fun with the double zero and lures players who like higher stakes and a faster-moving pace of the game.
The realness of the experience means that American Roulette fans will get a true taste of Las Vegas-style casino action. From this brand, high-quality American Roulette games are available for players to try their luck with the double zero in immersive graphics and sound effects that bring the excitement of the casino right to your screen.
Try these roulette variations and enter a whole new world of casino gaming, where each spin holds a new chance at excitement and rewards. Be it for the first-timer or a seasoned player, roulette is a game in which the thrill keeps one sitting on the edge.
Features
Auschwitz Tours from Warsaw: Preserving Memory, Honoring History
Auschwitz is one of the most powerful symbols of the Holocaust and its lessons are as current as ever. As the world prepares for International Holocaust Day the need to remember and educate becomes even more urgent.
At Auschwitz Tours from Warsaw, our mission is to help you connect with this dark chapter in history. We offer guided tours to Auschwitz-Birkenau from Warsaw and Krakow so you can visit the largest Nazi concentration and extermination camp where over a million innocent lives were taken.
Why Auschwitz Tours from Warsaw?
A visit to Auschwitz is an emotional experience and we want you to get the most out of it. Our guides will walk you through the historical context, tell you stories of those who suffered, resisted, and in some cases survived. With respect and sensitivity, we will share the history that can’t be forgotten.
We offer full day tours from both Warsaw and Krakow so you can visit Auschwitz whether you’re coming from Poland’s capital or its cultural hub. Our tours include comfortable round trip transportation so you can focus on the experience without worrying about the logistics.
Extra Educational Content
Apart from the day trips, Auschwitz Tours from Warsaw also provides a lot of educational content about Auschwitz and the Holocaust. Our website is a resource for learning with articles and materials about Auschwitz’s history, World War II, and the long-term impact of the Holocaust.
For those who can’t visit in person, these materials are a window into this dark period of human history so the lessons of the Holocaust are available to everyone.
Honoring the Past on International Holocaust Remembrance Day
International Holocaust Remembrance Day on January 27th is a global moment of remembrance. It’s a day to remember the 6 million Jews and millions of others murdered by the Nazis during World War II.
It’s not just about the victims of the Nazi regime but about learning from history so we never repeat the mistakes.
January 27th is the anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1945, a day of unimaginable suffering but also of survival. The site itself is closed on this day for commemoration, but it’s a place of great importance for those who want to reflect on what happened here.
Although the gates are closed to visitors on January 26 and 27, it’s a day of personal reflection and remembrance for those who have passed away.
But on January 27th, a special area will be open for those who want to mark this solemn day on the grounds of the Memorial. This is a unique opportunity to reflect and remember in silence, on the very ground where so many lives were lost.
If you can’t visit Auschwitz today, International Holocaust Remembrance Day is still a chance to connect with the stories of survivors and victims. It’s a day to educate ourselves and others, not just about the past but about the present need to face hatred, intolerance, and anti-Semitism in all its forms.
If you’d like to learn more about our tours or explore our educational content, visit us at auschwitztoursfromwarsaw.com. Join us in remembering the past and keeping the message of “Never Again” alive.
Features
The Hurdles Facing Egyptian Intellectuals
By HENRY SREBRNIK In the twentieth century, many middle-class Egyptians adopted a cosmopolitan cultural style. They wanted to move the country toward a more liberal and secular state.
But they always came up against, and were unable to surmount, the strength of a very strong Islamic religious culture. In despair, some, despite their own preferences, ended up preferring autocracy to what they considered a backward and dangerous ideology.
In 1952, a revolution brought the Free Officers movement, led by Gamal Abdel Nasser, to power. It seemed to have brought a secular quasi-socialist regime to power.
But the undercurrents of politicized religion, though banned by Nasser, did not disappear. The Muslim Brotherhood, which had been founded in 1928 by Hassan al-Banna and preached a fundamentalist Islamism guarded exclusively by the sharia, was outlawed. Its most prominent theoretician, Sayyid Ibrahim Qutb, was executed in 1966.
But secular movements fell from favour following Egypt’s defeat by Israel in 1967, and the country was transformed into an autocracy following Nasser’s death three years later. From 1981 until 2011, Egypt was ruled with an iron hand by Hosni Mubarak, until popular unrest forced him to step down during the Arab Spring.
Would this herald a new, democratic chapter in Egypt? Would free elections bring about a rebirth of secular politics? The answer was no.
Mubarak’s ouster cleared the way for the Muslim Brotherhood to participate openly in Egyptian politics, and to that end the group formed the Freedom and Justice Party. In April 2012 the party selected Mohamed Morsi to be its candidate in Egypt’s presidential election. Morsi defeated Ahmed Shafiq, a former prime minister under Mubarak, that June.
Morsi soon issued an edict declaring that his authority as president would not be subject to judicial oversight until a permanent constitution came into effect. Although he defended the edict as a necessary measure to protect Egypt’s transition to democracy, mass demonstrations were held against what many saw as a seizure of dictatorial powers.
Worsening economic conditions, deteriorating public services, and a string of sectarian incidents, including attacks on the country’s Coptic Christian minority, strengthened opposition to Morsi’s rule. Clashes between Morsi’s supporters and critics in late June 2013 culminated in massive anti-Morsi protests around the country.
On July 3 the military under the head of the Egyptian Armed Forces, General Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, removed Morsi from power. A figurehead president, Adly Mansour, was installed, but it was clear that Sisi, who retained the title of defence minister, wielded power.
Sisi claimed that the military had carried out the will of the Egyptian people, as expressed in the anti-Morsi protests, and that the Islamist-dominated administration led by Morsi had put the Muslim Brotherhood’s interests before those of the country.
A month later the Egyptian police and armed forces committed what Human Rights Watch deemed “one of the world’s largest killings of demonstrators in a single day in recent history.”
Eleven years on, the murder of over 1,000 supporters of the deposed president, known as the Rabaa Massacre, has gone largely unpunished. The Muslim Brotherhood was formally outlawed that September and Morsi was jailed. Prison conditions were harsh, and he was denied adequate medical attention. He died in 2019.
Sisi officially left the military to run for president and was elected in a clearly fraudulent manner in May 2014. He has been re-elected twice since, in March 2018 and again in December 2023, when he was reported to have won with 89.6 per cent of the vote after several opposition figures were prevented from participating. Under his reign, Egypt has degenerated into a police state even more repressive than the 30-year dictatorship of Hosni Mubarak.
Caught between the proverbial rock and a hard place, Egypt’s pro-democracy and civil society movements jettisoned their long-standing commitments to human rights and the rule of law and enthusiastically supported the return of military rule.
One of those civil society leaders, Saad Eddin Ibrahim, was among Egypt’s most influential intellectual figures. He had spent his career insisting that democracy is the solution both to political authoritarianism and to the allures of religious fundamentalism in the Arab world.
Pushing back against the prevailing view that Islamist groups must be marginalized, he argued that they should be included in the democratic process. He even went so far as to advocate, in an article titled “Toward Muslim Democracies,” that “it will be better for us as democrats, for the Islamists, and for Egypt to enlist Islamists under the flag of democracy.”
He encouraged Egyptians to support this vision and put aside common fears about Islamist movements and had been arrested for his views under Mubarak. Yet even he abruptly became an apologist for authoritarian rule.
The “problem” was that the bulk of the Egyptian masses were unwilling to part with their religious traditions or wholly consign them to the realm of the private. Put another way, if most Egyptians were given the choice between being liberal or being Muslim, they would overwhelmingly select the latter.
Faced with that reality, these intellectuals forged authoritarian alliances to forcibly impose their worldview on an otherwise unwilling populace. When Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood were in actual control of the state rather than at its fringes, the liberal secularists chose authoritarian rule. This is the same tragedy found in most of the Arab world.
Henry Srebrnik is a professor of political science at the University of Prince Edward Island.
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