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From Art to Diplomacy: How Jewish Leaders and Thinkers Shaped History and Modernity

In this article, we delve into the impact of Jewish public figures on the global stage, exploring their role in shaping political landscapes and cultural events

The Impact of Jewish Public Figures on World Politics and Culture

From prominent politicians to renowned artists, Jews have made significant contributions that have shaped our world.

With their diverse backgrounds and experiences, Jewish public figures have played a key role in promoting social change, advocating for human rights, and shaping cultural narratives. Their influence can be seen in a variety of fields, such as literature, art, music, and film, where Jewish artists have left an indelible mark on creativity and expression.

By exploring the contributions of Jewish public figures, together with the plinko game team, we aim to shed light on the enormous impact they have had on shaping our world.

Historical Background: The Role of Jewish Intellectuals and Leaders Throughout History

The historical narrative of Jewish intellectuals and leaders is rich and complex, woven into the fabric of many societies across the globe. From ancient times, Jews have contributed to various fields, including philosophy, science, and politics. Figures such as Maimonides and Spinoza have significantly influenced Western thought through their philosophical writings. These intellectuals not only shaped Jewish culture but also left a lasting mark on global intellectual history, challenging prevailing norms and encouraging critical thinking.

The struggle for social justice and human rights has often found expression through Jewish leaders. Throughout history, Jews have faced persecution and discrimination, which has fueled their commitment to advocating for justice. The Jewish experience of diaspora has led to a unique perspective on oppression and resilience, enabling Jewish leaders to become champions for the marginalized. Their contributions to movements for civil rights and social justice have been instrumental in shaping contemporary political landscapes, particularly in the United States and Europe.

Moreover, the integration of Jewish intellectuals into broader societal frameworks has fostered cross-cultural dialogues. Jewish figures have often acted as bridges between cultures, promoting understanding and collaboration. This historical backdrop sets the stage for examining the specific contributions of contemporary Jewish public figures in politics and culture, highlighting how their legacy continues to influence the world today.

Jewish Public Figures in Politics: Notable Examples and Their Impact on Global Affairs

Jewish politicians have played pivotal roles in shaping global politics, often taking on leadership positions that have allowed them to influence significant policy decisions.

One notable example is Henry Kissinger, who served as the United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor. Kissinger’s approach to foreign policy, particularly during the Cold War, emphasized diplomacy and realpolitik. His efforts in negotiating peace agreements, such as the Paris Peace Accords, demonstrate the power of Jewish public figures in navigating complex international relations.

Another influential figure is Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the late Supreme Court Justice known for her staunch advocacy for gender equality and civil rights. Ginsburg’s legal opinions and dissents have had a profound impact on American jurisprudence, often pushing the boundaries of what is considered constitutional. Her legacy as a champion for women’s rights and social justice continues to inspire generations, illustrating the power of Jewish individuals to drive change within the legal and political arenas.

Additionally, figures like Benjamin Netanyahu have made significant contributions to political discourse on a global scale. As the Prime Minister of Israel, Netanyahu has been at the helm during crucial moments in Israeli history, navigating the complexities of Middle Eastern politics. His approach to security and foreign policy has sparked both support and controversy, reflecting the intricate dynamics of Jewish leadership in geopolitics. These examples underscore the diverse roles Jewish public figures have played in influencing global affairs, shaping policies that resonate far beyond their immediate contexts.

Jewish Public Figures in Culture: Contributions to Art, Literature, Music, and Entertainment

The cultural contributions of Jewish public figures are equally profound, spanning various artistic fields and leaving an indelible mark on global culture. In literature, authors like Philip Roth and Elie Wiesel have explored themes of identity, memory, and the human condition through their poignant narratives. Roth’s exploration of Jewish identity in America challenged stereotypes and opened dialogues about cultural belonging, while Wiesel’s memoirs on the Holocaust serve as powerful reminders of resilience and the importance of remembrance.

In the realm of music, Jewish artists have made significant contributions that transcend genres. From the classical compositions of Leonard Bernstein to the revolutionary sounds of Bob Dylan, Jewish musicians have shaped the musical landscape. Bernstein’s work in classical music and Broadway has left a legacy of artistic excellence, while Dylan’s lyrics reflect a deep engagement with social issues and human emotions. These artists not only entertain but also provoke thought and inspire social change through their craft.

Furthermore, the film industry has been significantly influenced by Jewish filmmakers and actors, with figures like Steven Spielberg and Natalie Portman leading the charge. Spielberg’s films often address complex moral dilemmas and historical narratives, while Portman’s work as an actress and director champions diverse stories and perspectives. Through their storytelling, these artists contribute to cultural discourse, emphasizing the importance of empathy and understanding in an increasingly divided world. The influence of Jewish public figures in culture is a testament to their creativity and commitment to social issues, enriching the global cultural landscape.

Controversies and Criticisms: Examining the Debates Surrounding Jewish Influence

Despite the significant contributions of Jewish public figures, their influence has not been without controversy. Debates surrounding Jewish influence often arise, particularly in the context of politics and media. Critics sometimes allege that Jewish individuals hold disproportionate power in various sectors, leading to accusations of conspiracy and manipulation. These narratives can perpetuate harmful stereotypes and contribute to anti-Semitic sentiment, highlighting the need for critical examination of such claims.

It is essential to differentiate between legitimate discussions about influence and the perpetuation of conspiracy theories that seek to scapegoat Jewish communities. Many Jewish public figures have risen to prominence through hard work, talent, and advocacy, rather than through nefarious means. Acknowledging their contributions while recognizing the complexities of their influence can foster nuanced discussions that combat anti-Semitism and promote understanding.

Moreover, the portrayal of Jewish individuals in media and popular culture can contribute to the reinforcement of stereotypes. It is crucial to critically engage with these representations and advocate for more diverse and accurate portrayals of Jewish life. Through education and dialogue, society can challenge misconceptions and celebrate the multifaceted contributions of Jewish public figures to politics, culture, and beyond.

The Jewish Diaspora and Its Impact on Global Networks

The Jewish diaspora has created a rich tapestry of experiences and connections that have influenced global networks. Historically, Jews have migrated to various regions, often forming tight-knit communities that have contributed to local cultures while maintaining their unique identity. This ability to adapt and thrive in diverse environments has enabled Jewish individuals to forge important connections across borders, creating a network of influence that extends beyond geographical boundaries.

The diaspora has facilitated the exchange of ideas, fostering a global dialogue that has enriched cultural and political landscapes. Jewish communities around the world often engage in philanthropy and social activism, addressing pressing issues such as poverty, education, and human rights. Organizations like the Jewish Federation and various international NGOs reflect the commitment of the Jewish diaspora to contribute positively to society, promoting social justice and intercultural understanding.

Furthermore, the interconnectedness of the Jewish diaspora has allowed for a robust exchange of knowledge and resources. Jewish public figures often draw on their diverse backgrounds and experiences, leveraging their networks to advocate for change on a global scale. This collaborative approach underscores the importance of community and solidarity in addressing complex challenges, highlighting the enduring influence of the Jewish diaspora in shaping global networks.

Case Studies: Examining Specific Individuals and Their Contributions

To illustrate the profound influence of Jewish public figures, we can examine specific case studies that highlight their contributions across various domains. One notable example is the late Shimon Peres, who served as the President and Prime Minister of Israel. Peres was a visionary leader known for his efforts in promoting peace in the Middle East. His role in the Oslo Accords exemplifies the potential for dialogue and compromise in resolving longstanding conflicts.

In the realm of art, Marc Chagall stands out as a revolutionary painter whose works encapsulate the essence of Jewish identity and culture. Chagall’s unique style, characterized by vibrant colors and dreamlike imagery, reflects his experiences as a Jewish artist navigating the complexities of the 20th century. His contributions to modern art have influenced generations of artists and continue to resonate in contemporary creative expressions.

Another significant figure is Ruth Messinger, a prominent advocate for social justice and former president of American Jewish World Service. Messinger’s work in international development highlights the intersection of Jewish values and global humanitarian efforts. Through her leadership, she has raised awareness about issues such as poverty and human rights, demonstrating the capacity of Jewish public figures to effect change on a global scale. These case studies underscore the diverse contributions of Jewish individuals, illustrating how their legacies continue to shape our world today.

The Power of Jewish Organizations and Lobbying Groups

Jewish organizations and lobbying groups have played a vital role in advocating for Jewish interests and promoting social change. Organizations such as the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) and the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) have been instrumental in shaping public policy and fostering community engagement. These organizations work tirelessly to combat anti-Semitism, promote civil rights, and strengthen ties between Israel and the United States.

The influence of Jewish lobbying groups extends beyond domestic politics, impacting international relations as well. AIPAC, for instance, has been a significant player in advocating for strong U.S.-Israel relations, leveraging political connections to promote policies that align with Jewish interests. The effectiveness of these organizations highlights the importance of collective action and advocacy in achieving political goals and addressing pressing social issues.

Moreover, Jewish organizations often serve as platforms for community engagement and activism. They provide resources for education, cultural programming, and social services, fostering a sense of community and belonging among Jewish individuals. By mobilizing collective resources and voices, these organizations play a crucial role in amplifying the contributions of Jewish public figures and advocating for diverse perspectives within the broader societal context.

Debunking Myths and Stereotypes: Separating Fact from Fiction

Addressing the myths and stereotypes surrounding Jewish influence is essential for fostering a more accurate understanding of their contributions. Misconceptions about Jewish individuals often stem from historical prejudices and societal biases, which can distort perceptions and promote harmful narratives. It is crucial to engage in open conversations that challenge these stereotypes and promote a more nuanced understanding of Jewish identity and influence.

Many myths surrounding Jewish individuals are rooted in conspiratorial thinking, suggesting that Jews exert undue control over various sectors, including finance, media, and politics. These narratives often lack empirical evidence and serve to scapegoat Jewish communities for broader societal issues. By critically examining these claims and promoting factual information, we can combat anti-Semitism and foster a more inclusive dialogue about the contributions of Jewish public figures.

Education plays a vital role in debunking myths and stereotypes. By promoting awareness of Jewish history, culture, and achievements, we can cultivate understanding and empathy. Initiatives that celebrate Jewish contributions to society can help counteract negative narratives and highlight the diverse perspectives within the Jewish community. Ultimately, fostering a culture of dialogue and education is essential for promoting inclusivity and understanding in our increasingly interconnected world.

Conclusion

The influence of Jewish public figures on global politics and culture is a testament to their resilience, creativity, and commitment to social justice. From shaping political landscapes to enriching cultural narratives, Jewish individuals have made significant contributions that continue to resonate today. Their diverse backgrounds and experiences have enabled them to navigate complex societal challenges, advocating for change and promoting understanding across cultures.

As we reflect on the ongoing influence of Jewish public figures, it is crucial to recognize the importance of diverse perspectives in shaping our world. The contributions of Jewish individuals serve as a reminder of the power of collaboration and collective action in addressing pressing issues. By embracing diversity and promoting dialogue, we can foster a more inclusive society that values the contributions of all individuals, regardless of their background.

In conclusion, the legacy of Jewish public figures is multifaceted and enduring. Their impact on global politics and culture underscores the importance of recognizing and celebrating diverse voices. By continuing to explore and appreciate these contributions, we can foster a deeper understanding of our shared human experience and work towards a more just and equitable world for all.

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New book highlights relationship between Kabbalah and science

Edward Shyfrin

By MYRON LOVE In his new book, “The Relativity of Death: Part One: Basic Principles of Kabbalah of Information. Complete Theory of Information Space, Miracles and Maxwell’s Demon,” Dr. Eduard Shyfrin demonstrates the complementary relationship between Kabbalah – the ancient practice of Jewish mysticism – and science.
“The Relativity of Death” is a  follow up to “From Infinity to Man: the Fundamental Ideas of Kabbalah Within the Framework of Information Theory and Quantum Physics,” Shyfrin’s previous work  on the subject, which he published in 2018.
In his introduction to “The Relativity of Death”, the author, himself a scientist by training –  observes that while “science is absolutely necessary for humankind, it nevertheless does not constitute the whole truth.  Science is morally neutral,” he continues.  “Two plus two equals four is neither good nor bad. Science doesn’t provide an answer to the basic questions about our existence: Why are we here? What is our mission? How should we live? Do we have a freedom of choice? Why are we destined to die? And finally, the famous question posted by Gottfried Leibniz as to why is there something rather than nothing?
“I believe that it is impossible and wrong to try to describe Creation while at the same time excluding the Creator.
“When I started reading the works of kabbalists,” he notes, ‘I realised that Kabbalah is deeply ‘scientific,’ that it is a theory of Creation of which our Universe is just a part. Kabbalah is not a textbook – it doesn’t provide equations and laws. Instead, it’s a live body comprised of the teachings and opinions of kabbalists, which often diverged.
“The main notions of Kabbalah,” he writes, “for example the notion of light, are not well defined. As the great kabbalist Rabbi Moshe Hayyim Luzzatto explained in his book, “Philosopher and Kabbalist,” the notion of ‘Light has no definition and is used as some sort of synonym for G-dliness.
 “The original works of kabbalists,” he points out, “are very difficult to read and comprehend, since the main ideas are usually expressed through allegories, parables and hints. This makes them largely inaccessible to contemporary readers. With this in mind, I attempted to create the Theory of Kabbalah of Information based on traditional Kabbalah, Theory of Information and the body of scientific knowledge accumulated by humankind, written in simple language accessible to the reader.”
 
Eduard Shyfrin is a remarkable individual – a man of many parts. In addition to his roles as scientist and author – he has also published a children’s book – the Ukrainian-born Shyfrin is a musician who writes his own words and music, a billionaire, and an important  community leader who generously supports his fellow Ukrainian Jews and our Israeli homeland.
 Growing up during the last years of the Soviet Union though, it comes as no surprise that he knew nothing about Judaism except that he was Jewish.  In the Soviet Union, being Jewish was simply a label that kept you from being accepted into top universities and leadership roles.
“We tried to hide out Jewishness,” he recalls.  “I wanted to be a physicist but wasn’t accepted into university.”
Instead, he followed in his father’s footsteps and became a metallurgist.  In 1983, he started work at a Ukrainian steel plant. Over the next few years, he was promoted from assistant foreman to manager to head of marketing. 
He was able to earn a PhD in physical chemistry in 1993.
In 1993, he changed jobs – becoming a representative in Ukraine of a Hong Kong-based company called Linkfull.  He was responsible for buying steel for export. In 1994, he joined forces with  Alex Schnaider and co-founded a company called the Midland Group, with partner Alexander Shnaider. The company deals in steel, shipping, real estate, agriculture and sport ventures.
Shyfrin’s interest in Judaism was sparked by the arrival of Chabad rabbis in the lands of the former Soviet Union in the mid 1990s and, in particular,  Rabbi David Bleich, the Chief Rabbi of Ukraine. Shyfrin recalls that Rabbi Bleich got him involved in Jewish charities.   He helped rebuild the oldest synagogue in Kiev, provided funds for the Jewish schools in the city, and and financed the construction of the Jewish Education Centre in Kiev, which was dedicated to his late father.
Still, Shyfrin remained largely secular.
It was in 2002, he recalls,  that he experienced a midlife crisis when he began questioning the meaning of life –  and death.
“My rabbi,” he says, “encouraged me to commit to a more Jewish lifestyle.  I began keeping kosher, putting on tefillin and studying Torah.  I found in my Torah study that there were a lot of contradictions and inconsistencies in what I was reading in the Torah and what I had learned as a scientist.”
Shyfrin began to find his answers in Kabbalah, which he approached through a scientific perspective.  As a result , he came to understand kabbalah and reality as “fundamentally information based and that physics and Torah describe different layers of the same structure”.
That epiphany led to his first book, which has sold around 8,000 copies.  He followed up the book’s success by writing numerous articles for the Jerusalem Post. Shyfrin also gives a yearly lecture in London, where he now makes his home.
He is also the founder of the Shyfrin Alliance, an initiative dedicated to advancing understanding of Jewish mysticism and spiritual thought.
Alongside his delving into Jewish mysticism,  Shyfrin remains very much involved in the real world and the crises affecting Israel, the Jewish people, and his Ukrainian homeland.  He currently serves as Vice President of the World Jewish Congress, representing Ukraine. He continues to fund Jewish schools, synagogues and community centres across Ukraine and Russia.
Since the invasion of Ukraine, Shyfrin has helped finance evacuations of Jewish elderly people and children to Hungary and Israel and continues to support communities on a monthly basis.
“For me, a Jew is a Jew,” he has been quoted as saying. “It does not matter where he lives. We are one family.”
 As for the rising antisemitism in Europe, he points out that – unlike the 1930s – today, we have Israel.
“Israel is our country and we must be strong enough to protect it,” he is quoted as saying..
 “The Relativity of Death” was released in February, and, Shyfrin reports, has already sold over 5,000 copies.  The book is available on Amazon and Kindle.

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Manitoba Has No iGaming Framework. So Where Are Winnipeg Players Actually Gambling Online?

Ontario’s regulated iGaming market hit a 91.1% channelization rate in May 2026, according to an AGCO/Ipsos study. Meaning nine out of ten Ontario players who gamble online are doing so through a licensed, registered operator. That’s a real number, and it took years of regulatory architecture to get there. Manitoba has none of that architecture. Zero. There’s no provincial iGaming framework, no registered operator list, and no equivalent to the iGaming Ontario regime that launched in April 2022. So when Winnipeg players open a browser and look for somewhere to play, they’re not choosing between regulated sites. They’re choosing between offshore ones.

For players trying to make sense of that offshore market, the most practical move is to compare no verification casinos side by side. Withdrawal speeds, licensing jurisdiction, and bonus terms vary far more than most review sites admit. A Curaçao-licensed site and a Malta Gaming Authority-licensed site can look identical on the homepage and behave completely differently when you try to withdraw CAD on a Sunday night.

Why Manitoba Is Still Waiting

The short answer: political will and provincial lottery revenue protection. Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries (MBLL) runs PlayNow.com, which is the province’s only officially sanctioned online gambling platform. It’s a Crown corporation product. Expanding regulation to private operators means cannibalizing that revenue stream, and no provincial government has been willing to absorb that trade-off yet.

Alberta moved first, announcing in 2024 that it would follow Ontario’s open-market model. The Jewish Post covered the Alberta question in its opinion piece on provincial iGaming regulation. Saskatchewan and British Columbia have their own Crown-run online products. Manitoba? MBLL runs PlayNow, and that’s where the conversation stops.

The practical consequence is straightforward. PlayNow offers a limited game library, deposit methods that exclude several major e-wallets, and. Critically. A full KYC process that requires government-issued ID before a player can withdraw. For anyone who has spent time on offshore platforms, PlayNow’s withdrawal processing feels closer to a 2009 bank wire than a modern iGaming product.

What ‘No Verification’ Actually Means

The term gets used loosely, so let’s be precise. No-verification casinos. Sometimes called no-KYC casinos. Don’t require you to upload a passport or utility bill to open an account and withdraw. Most operate on a tiered model: you can deposit and withdraw up to a threshold (often around C$2,000 to C$5,000 cumulative) without identity documents. Go above that, and they’ll ask for verification at that point.

That’s meaningfully different from a blanket “no ID ever” claim, which doesn’t really exist at licensed operators. Any site claiming zero KYC under all circumstances is either very small, unlicensed, or not being straight with you about their AML obligations.

The ones worth looking at are licensed under jurisdictions that actually enforce standards. Curaçao eGaming being the most common for Canadian-facing sites, Malta Gaming Authority and Isle of Man for the better-resourced operators. Licensing matters because it determines what happens when a dispute arises. A Curaçao license at least gives you a complaints pathway. No license gives you nothing.

The Real Variables Winnipeg Players Should Check

Withdrawal speed is where most offshore sites either earn or lose the trust. I’ve tested CAD withdrawals via Interac e-Transfer on three different offshore platforms in the last six months. Two cleared within 90 minutes on a weekday. The third flagged my withdrawal for a manual review that took four business days and required a second round of document uploads. Same deposit method, very different outcomes.

Bonus terms are the other landmine. A 100% match up to C$500 sounds good until you read the wagering requirement. Anything above 35x on slots. And some no-verification sites are running 45x or 50x. Makes the bonus money functionally worthless unless you’re grinding low-volatility games for hours. The max bet cap during bonus play is equally critical. C$5 per spin on a C$500 bonus means you need 100 spins minimum just to cycle through once, and the dead spins add up fast.

Payment method availability for Canadian players specifically is worth a dedicated check. Not every offshore site offers Interac. Some push crypto as the primary withdrawal rail, which works fine if you’re comfortable converting CAD to USDT and back. But adds friction and exchange rate risk most players don’t account for. A few have added MuchBetter and eZeeWallet as alternatives, which process faster than bank transfers and don’t trigger the same scrutiny from Canadian banks that some gambling-coded transactions do.

The Legal Position for Manitoba Players

This comes up constantly, and the honest answer is that Canadian gambling law places regulatory authority under provincial jurisdiction, meaning the federal Criminal Code doesn’t prohibit individuals from playing at offshore sites. It prohibits operating an unlicensed gambling business in Canada. Players are not operators. No Canadian has been prosecuted for accessing an offshore gambling site.

That said, “not illegal” and “fully protected” are different things. If an offshore operator disappears with your funds, you have limited recourse. If a withdrawal is declined and the operator ghosts your support ticket, no provincial regulator is going to intervene on your behalf the way the AGCO can intervene for an Ontario player. You’re relying on the operator’s licensing body, which may or may not respond in a useful timeframe.

Gowling WLG’s 2025 analysis of Manitoba’s enforcement posture notes that the province has moved against offshore operators directly. Including action against Bodog. But has taken no steps toward building a regulatory framework that would bring players back onto licensed domestic ground. The enforcement is pointed at operators, not players, and it hasn’t changed what’s available to Winnipeg residents looking for alternatives to PlayNow.

Where This Lands

Manitoba’s regulatory gap isn’t closing soon. Alberta’s framework is still being built. The realistic picture for Winnipeg players in 2026 is that offshore, no-verification operators remain the de facto alternative to PlayNow. And the quality gap between a well-run licensed offshore site and a badly run one is significant enough that doing due diligence before depositing is not optional.

Check the license, read the withdrawal terms before the bonus terms, and know your method’s processing time. The market isn’t going away; it’s just not regulated to protect you yet.

Gambling involves risk. Please play responsibly and only wager what you can afford to lose. If you feel gambling is becoming a problem, visit BeGambleAware.org or call 1-800-GAMBLER.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it legal for Manitoba players to gamble on offshore casino sites? Canadian federal law targets operators running unlicensed gambling businesses, not individual players. Manitoba residents accessing offshore sites are not violating federal law. However, there’s no provincial regulatory protection if a dispute arises. You’re relying on the operator’s licensing body, which may be slow or unresponsive.

What is the difference between PlayNow and offshore no-verification casinos? PlayNow is Manitoba’s Crown-run online gambling platform, requiring full KYC and offering a limited game library. Offshore no-verification casinos skip the document upload process up to a withdrawal threshold, typically run larger game libraries, and often process CAD withdrawals faster. But without provincial regulatory protection backing you up.

Are no-verification casinos licensed? The reputable ones are. Curaçao eGaming and the Malta Gaming Authority are the most common licensing jurisdictions for Canadian-facing no-KYC operators. Unlicensed sites exist and should be avoided entirely. No license means no complaints pathway and no enforceable player protection if a dispute arises.

Why doesn’t Manitoba have a regulated iGaming market like Ontario? Political and financial reasons. Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries earns revenue from PlayNow, its Crown-run platform. Bringing private operators into a licensed open market would cannibalize that revenue stream. No provincial government has been willing to accept that trade-off, though pressure from Alberta’s move toward an Ontario-style framework may eventually shift the calculus.

What should I check before depositing at a no-verification casino as a Canadian player? Four things: licensing jurisdiction, withdrawal speed for CAD specifically, wagering requirements on any bonus (anything above 35x is a red flag), and whether Interac e-Transfer is available as a withdrawal method. Crypto rails are faster but add exchange rate risk most players underestimate.

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A Left-wing Yiddishist in Western Canada

haim Zhitlovsky

By HENRY SREBRNIK I recently presented a paper on Khaim Zhitlovsky, a major proponent of secular Jewish diaspora nationalism and Jewish nationhood, at the Association for Canadian Jewish Studies annual conference at York University in Toronto.

Zhitlovsky was born in Ushachi near Vitebsk in what is now Belarus in 1865. A leading architect of secular Jewish culture and thought, he was a central figure in the progressive Jewish intelligentsia of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in Canada and the United States.

At a Jewish International Cultural Conference organized in Paris in September 1937, the Alveltlekher Yiddisher Kultur Farband (YKUF) was founded, and he was one of the supporters. As the honorary president of the YKUF in the United States, Zhitlovsky became an icon of the Yiddishist Communist movement, particularly in western Canada, where he had inspired the founding of a strong secular Yiddish school system. At the fifth Canadian Labour Zionist conference, held in Montreal in 1910, Zhitlovsky had made a plea for Yiddish schools, saying, “If you reject Yiddish, the Jewish proletariat will reject you.” 

During the Second World War, the Communist-dominated YKUF became the most important ideological vehicle for the pro-Soviet Jewish movement in Canada. It included Winnipeg activists such as Dr. Benjamin A. Victor, who had come to Canada in 1912 as a child, from the small town of Zhlobin in Belarus, and grew up in Winnipeg’s North End. He and others devoted their political energies to YKUF work and by early 1941 there were three YKUF reading circles in Winnipeg. 

Much of this activity was also due to the arrival in Winnipeg of the new principal of the Communist-organized Sholem Aleichem School (formerly the Liberty Temple School), Labl Basman. Victor addressed meetings, speaking about the works of Zhitlovsky and Zishe Weinper, both prominent New York-based Yiddishists and YKUF leaders. 

“Dr. B.A.Victor must be counted as being one of the most important workers in the progressive Jewish cultural movement in Winnipeg, and in particular the YKUF,” wrote Basman in the Kanader Yidishe Vochenblat, the weekly newspaper of the Canadian Jewish Communists, in the spring of 1942. “Dr. Victor has always stood in the forefront of every cultural-social movement that has been progressive and in the interests of the masses.”

Winnipeg, which Zhitlovsky visited frequently over the years, was, in the words of Jack Switzer, “a Zhitlovsky fortress.” Zhitlovsky’s 75th birthday in the autumn of 1941 had been celebrated by the organization in all of its branches across the country. When he again visited Canada in April 1942, a new YKUF men’s club was named in his honour in Winnipeg.  Montreal poet Sholem Shtern, in one laudatory profile, depicted Zhitlovsky’s struggle on behalf of Yiddish language and culture, against assimilationists on both left and right, and against Zionist Hebraists. “In Yiddish Zhitlovsky sees that great progressive strength which will enable it to bring into being a new era in Jewish life.” 

So Zhitlovsky’s sudden death on May 6, 1943, in Calgary, while he was on a cross-Canada lecture tour, “hit us like a thunderbolt” and “brought about sadness throughout the country,” declared the Vochenblat.

Labl Basman reported on Zhitlovsky’s last trip to Winnipeg. His two lectures had been attended by some 1,300 people, and, Basman observed, “provided the progressive Jewish community with a clear and outstanding analysis of these catastrophic times.” Zhitlovsky had stressed that support for the Soviet Union was imperative; the USSR needed to emerge from the war strengthened and with a prominent role in any post-war settlement. The Soviet Union was the centre of world progress and Jews would benefit greatly from a strong USSR, since this would mean the end of anti-Semitism and the solution of the Jewish question.

Louis Pearlman of Calgary, who was cultural chair of that city’s Peretz Shule, described Zhitlovsky’s visit to the city where he would pass away, in the Vochenblat. Zhitlovsky arrived in Calgary from Winnipeg on April 28, in good spirits, and was scheduled to give six lectures over a two-week period.  About 100 people turned out for his first lecture on April 30, in the Peretz Shule, on “Socialism and Religion.” 

He spoke again May 2, to 150 people, on “The Spiritual Battle of the Jewish People for its Survival.” His third lecture, on May 4, dealt with Judaism and Christianity and was also well received. But a day later he had a heart attack and was taken to a hospital; he died on May 6. Pearlman accompanied Zhitlovsky’s body back to New York and attended his funeral there.

The Vochenblat reprinted Zhitlovsky’s greetings to Birobidzhan, the Jewish Autonomous Region in the Soviet far east, on its 15th anniversary, which he had released on April 25. “Our Jewish people now has two countries in which a new Jewish life is being built, a normal life” one where Jews will live in Jewish towns and Jewish cities, “just like all the other peoples on earth,” he wrote. “The two countries are Birobidzhan and Erets Yisroel.” They ought not to be seen as antagonistic alternatives, he declared. In both, Jewish life would become “normalized” and Jews would flourish. 

“Every Jewish accomplishment in both countries gives us courage in the struggle for our survival, elevates the prestige of our people in the eyes of the non-Jewish world, and strengthens our desire for the complete national liberation of our people, with the complete rights and strengths of membership in the fraternal family of nations. May the Jewish nation of Birobidzhan have long life and mature in freedom!” 

Of course we now know the Birobidzhan project was a dismal failure, nor was the Soviet Union the “promised land” dreamt of by the Jewish left. Perhaps an entry in the third volume of the Leksikon Fun Der Nayer Yidisher Literatur, published in 1960 by the Congress of Jewish Culture, sums Zhitlovsky up best:

“A man who adopted, abandoned, or lost interest in so many different political programs and causes; who joined, left, or drifted away from so many parties was probably destined, at least in the short run, to oblivion. At varying times, he was a sharp opponent of Zionism and a Zionist, an anti-territorialist and a territorialist, a supporter of the Jewish Labour Bund and one of its harshest critics, a Socialist Revolutionary and an apologist for Bolshevism. He was a kind of ideological nomad, forever on the move” — and so now virtually forgotten.

Henry Srebrnik is a professor emeritus of political science at the University of Prince Edward Island.

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