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Witness to a mass murder

President Franklin D. Roosevelt

By DAVID and MILTON AMMEL Special to The Jewish Post & News   Attacks on Jews have seen a sharp upsurge in recent years…indeed, many sources believe the epidemic of violence against Jews is the worst since Hitler.  (In the latest perversion, some are even trying to blame the Jews for the Covid 19 pandemic!)  The fact that 6 million Jews (or more) died in Hitler’s holocaust is beyond question; there are two questions that have faced the world ever since World War Two: 1. Did Allied leaders fighting Hitler know about the death camps long before their existence was known to the world? and 2. If the allies did know about it, then why wasn’t something done to at least limit Hitler’s atrocities?

   
We provide some answers in this article that have been overlooked by many…answers that some powers to be may not like.  But truth is truth, and it’s past time to see what was really going on in the early days of World War II.

There has been a widespread belief among most historians that President Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and others had no idea of the scale of mass slaughter until the very end of the war when the death camps were finally liberated.  But is this true?  For the purposes of this article, we will limit our discussion to what Roosevelt surely knew.
By all accounts, President Roosevelt only had one meeting with Jewish leaders about the ongoing Holocaust, and this took place in December 1942.  American Jewish leaders managed to arrange a meeting with President Franklin D. Roosevelt about the already tragic situation in Europe.  A review of the meeting demonstrates a shocking lack of any great concern about the plight of the Jews, even after he acknowledged he knew what was transpiring. A report of the meeting is contained in the “Jewish Virtual Library” and we will quote extensively from this account that shows the President already knew about the death camps already in operation.

After the State Department confirmed reports that Hitler was planning to murder all the Jews in territories under German control, several American Jewish leaders including Rabbi Stephen Wise managed to arrange an audience with President Roosevelt. At this 29-minute meeting, the only one FDR had with Jewish leaders about the Holocaust, the President was presented with a document outlining the Nazi plan to annihilate European Jews. Adolph Held, the president of the American Jewish Labor Committee, wrote this report of the meeting, which indicates the president was acquainted with details of the atrocities being committed by the Nazis:
“The committee consisted of Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, of the Jewish Congress; Mr. Monsky, of Bnai Brith; Rabbi Rosenberg, of the Agudath, and Adolph Held, of the Jewish Labor Committee.
“The meeting with the President was arranged for Tuesday, December 8, 1942, at 12 o’clock. We were originally notified that the President would give us 15 minutes, but the conference lasted 29 minutes. The purpose of the conference was to present a prepared memorandum on the German atrocities in Poland consisting of an appeal to the President for immediate action against the German extermination of Jews, and also a 12 page memorandum citing the facts that have been gathered on this subject.”
After a few brief introductory remarks, the meeting got down to business.
Rabbi Wise then read the declaration by the committee.
“Rabbi Wise did not read the details but simply said: “Mr. President, we also beg to submit details and proofs of the horrible facts. We appeal to you, as head of our government, to do all in your power to bring this to the attention of the world and to do all in your power to make an effort to stop it.”
“The President replied: “The government of the United States is very well acquainted with most of the facts you are now bringing to our attention. Unfortunately we have received confirmation from many sources. Representatives of the United States government in Switzerland and other neutral countries have given us proof that confirm the horrors discussed by you. We cannot treat these matters in normal ways. We are dealing with an insane man- Hitler, and the group that surrounds him represent an example of a national psychopathic case. We cannot act toward them by normal means. That is why the problem is very difficult. At the same time it is not in the best interest of the Allied cause to make it appear that the entire German people are murderers or are in agreement with what Hitler is doing. There must be in Germany elements, now thoroughly subdued, but who at the proper time will, I am sure, rise, and protest against the atrocities, against the whole Hitler system. It is too early to make pronouncements such as President Wilson made, may they even be very useful. As to your proposal, I shall certainly be glad to issue another statement, such as you request.”
So, saving Jewish lives is “very difficult” because Hitler is insane?
There followed a discussion of possible options to help the Jews, and then FDR made these remarks.
“The President then plunged into a discussion of other matters. “We had a Jewish problem in North Africa” — he said. “As you know, we issued orders to free all the Jews from concentration camps, and we have also advised our representatives in North Africa to abolish all the special laws against the Jews and to restore the Jews to their rights. On this occasion I would like to mention that it has been called to our attention that prior to the war, Jews and Frenchmen enjoyed greater rights than Moslems in some of the North African states. There are 17 million Moslems in North Africa, and there is no reason why anyone should enjoy greater rights than they. It is not our purpose to fight for greater rights for anyone at the expense of another group. We are for the freedom for all and equal rights for all. We consider the attack on the Jews in Germany, in Poland, as an attack upon our ideas of freedom and justice, and that is why we oppose it so vehemently.” “Now you are interested in the Darlan matter. I can only illustrate this by a proverb, I recently heard from a Yugoslav priest—”When a river you reach and the devil you meet, with the devil do not quarrel until the bridge you cross.”
These Jewish leaders were beseeching Roosevelt to stop the genocidal mass-murders of Jews going on in Europe!!  They were not asking him for “greater rights….at the expense of another group!
“Apparently, at the end of this quotation the President must have pushed some secret button, and his adjutant appeared in the room. His eyes and broad shoulders showed determination. We rose from our seats, and, as we stood up, the President said: “Gentlemen, you can prepare the statement. I am sure that you will put the words into it that express my thoughts. I leave it entirely to you. You may quote from my statement to the Mass -Meeting in Madison Square Garden some months ago, but please quote it exactly. We shall do all in our power to be of service to your people in this tragic moment.”
“The President then shook hands with each of us, and we filed out of the room.”
Contained in this narrative already are suspicions that FDR may have harbored prejudices against Jews.  At best FDR appeared to be indifferent about the Holocaust, which he admitted he already was aware of.  At worst it would be like a witness to a murder who does nothing to stop the crime.
Another troubling glimpse of Roosevelt’s view of Jews is an article published in the May, 2018 issue of the Jerusalem Post.  The article was entitled “FDR wanted Jews spread thin and kept out of the U.S., documents reveal.”
These documents from the FDR Library reveal something called the “M Project” which was a study commissioned by Roosevelt to study the migration of millions of peoples displaced by the War, most of them Jews. 
“Describing the M Project to UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1943, Roosevelt said the  study is focused on “the problem of working out the best way to settle the Jewish question,” adding that the solution “essentially is to spread the Jews thin all over the world,” rather than allow them amass in large numbers in one specific place. The conversation was recorded in the diary of Vice President Henry Wallace, who was present at the meeting.”
This all points to a shocking realization that Roosevelt’s view of Jews was that they were a race of troublemakers, to be scattered all over the planet to minimize their chances of gaining any meaningful power. 

Another claim that many historians use in excusing the allies in their refusal to help the Jews in the death camps is the claim that it would divert considerable resources from the air campaign, and so would not be worthwhile.
An article in “The National Interest” dated October 8, 2017 asks the question: “Could the Allies Have Stopped the Killing at Auschwitz Sooner?”  What follows is a discussion of the supposed dilemma military planners faced, which included their claim that the death camps were out of range of the bombers. For the purposes of this article, we take notice of these facts.
“In considering the feasibility of bombing Auschwitz, one needs to know if the Western governments knew about the world’s largest killing center. The answer is a definitive yes. As historian Tami Davis Biddle has discovered, the first report about Auschwitz was made as early as January 1941—only six months after it had opened and before the gas chambers were installed. A report from the Polish underground was sent to the Polish government in exile in London, where it was forwarded on to Sir Charles Portal, the chief of the British Royal Air Force. The report said Auschwitz was one of the Nazis’ “worst organized (sic) and most inhuman concentration camps.”
“The American public was first introduced to the horrors of Auschwitz on November 25, 1942, when the New York Times published an article on page 10 that stated, “Trainloads of adults and children [are] taken to great crematoriums at Oswiencim [Auschwitz], near Cracow.” In March 1943, the Directorate of Civilian Resistance in Poland reported that 3,000 people a day were being burned in a new crematorium at Auschwitz.”
Roosevelt knew everything that was going on in this German  genocide of the Jews, including every detail of it.
It is a brutal fact that an unending stream of reliable reports from various sources in various parts of Europe were provided to Allied forces.
“It was also discovered after the war that by the time Auschwitz had been liberated the Allies had photographed the camp at least 30 times during the course of the war. The photos, taken by the U.S. Army Air Forces, were stored at the Mediterranean Allied Photo Reconnaissance Wing in Italy, which was commanded by President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s son, Colonel Elliott Roosevelt. Some photos even showed inmates being marched to the gas chambers.”

What about the claim that Auschwitz (and other death camps) was beyond the range of bombers?
“By May 1944, the USAAF had begun attacking the Third Reich’s synthetic oil plants located in Germany, Poland, and Romania. The goal was to bring Hitler’s war machine to a halt. On August 8, 1944, a raid numbering 55 bombers from the U.S. Eighth Air Force flew from airfields in the Soviet Union and dropped more than 100 tons of bombs on an oil refinery at Trzebinia, which was approximately 20 miles northeast of Auschwitz.” (emphasis ours.)

One more question that many have asked: considering that Jews and other fated people were brought in on railroad cars….wouldn’t bombing the railroad lines have hindered the death camps?  The argument to that question is pretty much the same as others:  bombing the death camps would’ve done no good because it would’ve killed inmates, they were out of reach, would’ve required too much diversion of air power, etc etc.
Strangely enough, even the Pope has gotten in on the last controversy.  An article from the “Independent” from June 22 2015 carries the title “Pope Francis: Why didn’t allies bomb railway routes taking prisoners to Auschwitz?”
‘’The great powers had photographs of the railway routes that the trains took to the concentration camps, like Auschwitz, to kill the Jews, and also the Christians, and also the Roma, also the homosexuals,” Pope Francis said.
“Tell me, why didn’t they bomb” those railroad routes?”

In a 2004 interview concerning the bombing missions he flew as a young bomber pilot by Auschwitz, Senator and 1972 Presidential candidate George McGovern said, “FDR was a great man and he was my political hero.  But…he made….the decision not to go after Auschwitz…God forgive us….there was a pretty good chance we could have blasted those rail lines off the face of the earth (and) interrupted the flow of people to those death chambers, and we had a pretty good chance of knocking out those gas ovens.” (December 2004 interview with Israel Television and the David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies.)
Indeed, many experts now say that with a bomb load of 8000 pounds, only six of our bombers would have obliterated the rail line, the death chambers, the gas ovens, and the SS barracks.  
The same could have been done to the other five death camps.                                                                                          
                                                                               
As for the real possibility that some inmates would be killed….think about this.  Their fate was already sealed.  So in the long run, it obviously would’ve saved many inmate lives overall.

We now turn to the question: we have established that FDR and others knew all about the death camps very early in the war….so when did Roosevelt begin to refuse helping the Jews?
It started even before World War II!
The steamship M.S. St. Louis, having crossed the Atlantic Ocean with over 900 German-Jewish passengers desperate to escape Nazi Germany, is steaming off the coast of Miami, Florida for about two weeks in June 1939.  The passengers have formed a committee and are begging the U.S President himself for sanctuary in the U.S.  Roosevelt refuses.
U.S. Immigration authorities then send the ship back to Europe.  This rejection is a death sentence to many on the ship at the Nazis’ hands.
Throughout the following war, Roosevelt rejected all requests made by Jewish leaders to bomb the gas chambers or the rail line at Auschwitz.
When it comes to the unspeakable blood on his hands’ guilty refusal to save 2,000,000 or more men, women and children’s lives, Jewish and others, Franklin Delano Roosevelt has no excuse.
His actions are the utter opposite of a “great man.”
The ending of this tragedy only came when World War II ended in Allied victory.  But many millions of innocent human beings never lived to see that victory and their salvation….in large part due to the tragic indifference of a U.S. President.

 

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Israel pavilion ambassadors – then and now

By BERNIE BELLAN Given that Folklorama is on again and the Israel pavilion – Shalom Square, is in full swing, I thought it timely to resurrect an article I first posted to this website in August 2023.

But before reading that article, I wanted you to see who this year’s ambassadors are for Shalom Square:

l-r: Youth Ambassador Lihi Ben Chimoi; Adult Ambassador Teddy Rubenstein; Youth Ambassador Abby Zentner; Adult Ambassador Shiran Dandiker

It was back in 2023, however, that I set out to answer a question that I had asked our readers to help answer: Where was the very first Israel pavilion located? Some readers had thought it was the Golden Age Club, which used to be located on Pritchard and Salter. But others weren’t so sure. Here then is what I wrote back in August 2023 – when, with the help of a librarian at the Winnipeg Public Library, I was able to solve the riddle of where the first Israel pavilion was located:

It was earlier in August 2023 that I had raised a number of questions about the history of the Israel pavilion at Folklorama.
Among those questions were: Where was the first Israel pavilion located and when did the Israel pavilion actually become a permanent fixture in the YMHA on Hargrave (before moving to its current home in the Asper Campus)?
As part of my search for answers to those questions I turned to David Cohen, who had long been the coordinator of the Israel pavilion when it was located on Hargrave, but who didn’t step into that role until 1975.
David thought that the Israel pavilion hadn’t moved to Hargrave until 1974, but he wasn’t sure where the first Israel pavilion had been located.
I tried to find information using the Winnipeg Public Library online digital archive. In case you didn’t know, anyone with a library card can access the library’s online archive. You can also have access to newspaperarchive.com through the library’s digital archive. Newspaperarchive.com is an invaluable reference tool for journalists especially – or anyone wanting to access old newspaper archives, for that matter, but ordinarily you would need a subscription to newspaperarchive.com in order to use it. For some reason, however, the search function in the Winnipeg Public Library’s digital search engine didn’t produce results when I entered the word “Folklorama.”
As a result I called the Winnipeg Public Library for assistance and received great help from someone by the name of Louis-Phillipe. After taking my information, Louis-Phillipe phoned me to say that he had found out that the library had compiled a file of press clippings related to Folklorama going back to the very first year, 1970.
Further, Louis-Phillipe said, he had found a list of the 22 pavilions in that first year of Folklorama, along with where they were located. It turns out that the Israel pavilion was actually located in two different venues that first year: the Rosh Pina and the Shaarey Zedek.
The next day I also heard from reader Phyllis Dana, who confirmed that the Israel Pavilion had been in both synagogues. Phyllis also remembered that the only food served that first year was honey cake.
But the pièce de resistance came when I heard from reader Marilyn Breitman (née Stitz), who now lives in Calgary, when she phoned me on Monday, August 21 (which is when she received the August 16 issue of the paper with my story about Folklorama).
Marilyn told me that, not only did she remember that the first Israel pavilion alternated between the Rosh Pina and the Shaarey Zedek, she had actually been the female representative of the Israel pavilion that first year. Her title, Marilyn said, was simply “Jewish.”
But, as you might also recall, the entire confusion over where the first Israel pavilion was located began with an email I had received from Roz Greenfeld, who had written to correct my mistake when I had written in the August 2 issue that the Israel pavilion had been located in the YMHA from the very beginning.
Roz pointed out that, in 1971, the second year of Folklorama, the Israel pavilion was located in “Council House” or, as it was better known, “The Golden Age Club,” on Pritchard and Salter. How did she remember that? Roz was the female representative of the pavilion that year. Her title, as I found out was “Miss Judea,” she said.
So, if the Israel pavilion was located at both the Rosh Pina and Shaarey Zedek in that first year of Folkorama, and in the Golden Age Club that second year, where was it after that?
It was left to Jewish Heritage Centre of Western Canada archivist Andrew Morrison to come up with the answer to that question. Andrew informed me that the Israel pavilion did indeed move to the YMHA in 1972 and remained there for the next 25 years, until it moved to the Asper Campus in 1997.

Here are the female representatives of the Israel pavilion for the first six years of Folklorama. All pictures are taken from past Jewish Posts, except for Marilyn Stitz’s, which is from a 1970 Free Press. In all cases the names are those that were in the papers at the time. Top row (l-r): Mariyln Stitz (1970), Roslyn Bernstein (1971), Marla Guberman (1972); Bottom row (l-r): Maureen Etkin (1973), Francine Wise (1974), Barbara Daien (1975)


There was a further footnote to the story, which is when I decided to try my luck with the Winnipeg Public Library’s online archive one more time. This time, rather than searching for “Folklorama,” I tried searching for old copies of both the Free Press and the Tribune from August 1970. I did manage to get results for the Tribune and when I entered a specific search within the Tribune I found a picture of all the famale representatives of pavilions – in bathing suits.
It turned out – and this was corroborated by both Marilyn Breitman and Roz Greenfeld, the female representatives had to parade in unison – in bathing suits, as part of Folklorama festivities. Each year, as well, a queen of Folklorama was chosen. Neither Marilyn nor Roz was made queen, both of them told me, although Roz was voted “Miss Congeniality.”
In addition to finding out about the early days of the Israel pavilion, I also learned that the Chai dancers were not regular performers at the Israel pavilion in those early years – as they eventually did become. Chai performers would dance only one night in those first years, with other entertainment the other nights.
I did enlist Andrew Morrison’s help once again and did find that Chai performed only one evening during the first few years of Folklorama – from 1970 to 1976. In 1977 Chai began performing every night of Folklorama, but there were other performers on hand as well, including Jerry Maslowsky and Rabbi Yosel Rosenzweig. In 1978 the Chai Folk Ensemble was the featured entertainment every evening; however, a notice that appeared in our paper did say that whistler Harvey Pollock would “be on hand” to entertain – whatever that meant.
While some may wonder of what earth shaking importance all this is, I ask: Isn’t it fun to look back in time – for just a little while, instead of worrying about more immediate problems, such as global warming, inflation, terrorist attacks in Israel, and whether Donald Trump will be president while he’s in jail?

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EINSTEIN, RITA AND ME

By DAVID R. TOPPER In the early 1960s, when I was an undergraduate student majoring in Physics at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh – there was only one girl in my advanced physics classes. As I learned later, nothing much had changed since the days of Einstein. When he was studying Physics at the Polytechnic in Zurich, the physics classes were all male – except for Mileva Marić, a Serbian who was the first girl in high school ever to take a physics course in the entire Austro-Hungarian Empire. Because Switzerland was the only place where women were admitted to university classes, she was there with Albert in Zurich.
She was very smart, especially in math, and also proficient at the piano. Born with a dislocated hip, Mileva had a slight limp, and the men in the class ignored her – except for one, Albert. They became a couple and eventually married.
Back to me in my university physics classes – where it seems that little had changed for over sixty years. In my advanced classes there was only one girl. Her name was Rita. She mainly stayed to herself. Majoring in Mathematics, she took all the advanced physics courses available, right through the fourth year. In short, in those predominantly male classes, she was an anomaly – alone and ignored by her classmates.
Except me. No, I didn’t date her, yet I didn’t ignore her. During those undergraduate years, I lived at home and took a bus or a trolley to school five days a week, leaving early in the morning. The university is in downtown Pittsburgh. Walking to the campus, I first went to the Physics Department, using it as my base. From there I went to my other classes during the day. There was a small classroom in the Department that was almost always empty, especially in the morning. It could be used for individual studying or small group discussions and such. In the early morning, I was usually the only one there – except for Rita, who used it for studying, too. She often was there, even before me. Usually the conversation started by me saying something like: “Hi Rita, did you get the last problem in mechanics class homework?” Her response was invariably, “Yes.” We would go over it, with her finding my mistakes. We had an amiable relationship that never went beyond our interactions about physics – right up to the end of our university years. As far as I can remember, I don’t think I knew much about her beyond the classroom.
But one event, which I’ll never forget, stands out. It was during our last year of classes in a course on the theory of relativity. For the textbook the prof used a paperback edition of the original papers on the theory. Early in the course, we went through Einstein’s first paper of 1905 – step by step. On this particular day, the prof came in and said he had a problem with the next step in the paper. As we all sat with our books in front of us, he pointed to a certain equation where we ended in the previous class. In the next sentence, Einstein says that such and such follows. The problem for the prof was that he didn’t know how Einstein got that deduction. I looked at it, and didn’t have a clue either.
Just then, Rita’s hand went up. She said she thinks she knows how Einstein got it. The prof asked her to come up to the blackboard and show him. Rita did, and the prof said that she was right. I’m quite sure that – then and there – Rita got an A in that course, if not an A+.
That gives you some idea about Rita and my relationship with her at the time. Not a very significant part of my 4-year undergraduate years – except for this one event in a physics course.
Why then am I bringing this up now, so many years later?  Here’s why.
I graduated with my BS degree in the fall of 1964. I then went to graduate school at Case Institute of Technology in Cleveland, majoring in Physics. (It’s now Case-Western Reserve University.)
When I moved there, I lived in a formerly swanky hotel on the edge of the campus, which was purchased by the university as a residence solely for graduate students. They called it The Graduate House. Eleven floors, the top 8 with suites for students, with one floor solely for female students. It was a radical experiment in co-ed living for the time.
My first day there, after getting my room and putting my things in drawers and so forth, it was late in the afternoon – and I was hungry. I had been told when I registered that the dining hall would open the following morning, but for now there was no food. However, on the third floor there were vending machines with sandwiches and such, so I went to find them.
Going down the elevator, exiting at the third floor, and walking down a hall – suddenly I heard my name called. “David, what are you doing here?” Turning around – there was Rita! It was quite a surprise for both of us. This tells you how minimally we interacted before; not even knowing that we both were going to the same graduate school.
I told her that I was majoring in Physics at Case. She, of course, was majoring in Math. After a chat about all this, I said that I was looking for the sandwich machines. She said that there was a diner nearby, and she was going there for dinner with someone else she had just met so I went, too. Thus, Rita and I reunited in Cleveland, now living in the same building.
In a short while, I made friends with a group of people in the Graduate House with diverse majors. Some were in various sciences, others in humanities. It was a lively group, with animated discussions on a range of academic topics, including politics, especially as the Vietnam War became the center of the news in the USA.
Rita was not a part of that group, but I did often see her. Being the eager student that I was, I was up early, getting to the university to study in the library before classes started. Coming to the dining room for breakfast, not long after it opened, I often saw Rita, too – all alone in a far corner. I took my tray and we had breakfast together. Except for that morning ritual, I seldom had any interactions with her.
Thinking about this now, I find the parallel morning rituals (first in Pittsburgh and then in Cleveland) a fascinating serendipitous episode in my life. The difference was that in Cleveland, we were not taking the same courses so we didn’t have to compare solutions to homework. We did talk about our respective courses, and interestingly a parallel appeared. By around mid-term of that first year in graduate school, we both were less than enthusiastic about what we were learning and, accordingly, were both thinking of not carrying on in our respective subjects.
For me it was Quantum Mechanics and the impossibility for us to know reality in itself. Everything was statistical, uncertain and almost esoteric. I found the uncritical attitude toward this world-view to be almost religious in nature. (I only learned later that Einstein felt the same way!)
For Rita, it was the same, despite the different fields. The math now was far beyond basic geometry, algebra and calculus. Topology, Group Theory, Galois’ Theory, and more – all culminating in Gödel’s Theorem, which asserts that all mathematical knowledge is inherently incomplete. It all was too esoteric for her. She knew that she was not going to get a PhD in mathematics.
We commiserated together, with another parallel in our unusual relationship, but with a difference. I still wanted to get my Master’s Degree and somehow still go on to get a job as a professor – that had been my goal in life ever since my first semester at Duquesne. Rita, however, was thinking of dropping out immediately and leaving university life altogether.
For me, this problem was resolved in my second year of Physics at Case, when I took a course taught by Martin Klein. Although he was a physicist in the Department, for many years he no longer was doing research in it. Instead, he was writing papers on the history of the subject – mainly involving Einstein, Boltzmann, Gibbs, Ehrenfest and others. Today those papers are paragons in the field. It was my extremely good luck that the department permitted him to teach such material for the first time.
I loved the course. I was enthralled by the topics – this was the way I wanted to learn physics, through its history. After getting my Master’s in Physics at the end of that year, I moved across campus to the History of Science Department. In another four years I had a PhD in the subject.
Back to early 1965: I tried to talk Rita out of dropping out, but she was adamant. The kicker was this: she really preferred numbers with $$$$ in front of them. Yes, she wanted to be an accountant. She didn’t want to waste any more time here, when she could be home getting her accounting credentials. As I recall, sometime before the spring of that year she went back to Pittsburgh. I’m sure she had an easy time getting her accounting licence and all that went with it. As she was very smart. My guess is that she was an excellent accountant and was very successful in that career.
I have no way of knowing. We didn’t keep in touch (honestly, I don’t know why not) and I can’t even remember her last name. All that I can recall is what I’ve written here. Nonetheless, I find these two interactions between Rita and me an interesting and pleasing tidbit about life and relationships – so much so that I deem it worthy of repeating here.


David R. Topper writes in Winnipeg, Canada. His work has appeared in Mono, Poetic Sun, Discretionary Love, Poetry Pacific, Academy of the Heart & Mind, Altered Reality Mag. and elsewhere.
His poem Seascape with Gulls: My Father’s Last Painting won first prize in the annual poetry contest of CommuterLit Mag – May 12, 2025.

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For users comparing Canadian online casinos, Wild Tokyo provides a simple browsing experience with easy access to games, promotions, and account features. Its mobile-friendly design also allows users to enjoy casino entertainment through smartphones and tablets without requiring additional software downloads.

Welcome Bonus & Promotions

  • Welcome Bonus: 250% up to C$4,500 + 750 Free Spins
  • Matchday High Roller Bonus: 110% up to C$2,300 + 270 FS + 3 Coins
  • Weekly Bonus: 40% up to C$300
  • Daily VIP Cashback: 7%

Key Features

  • Large selection of online casino games
  • Strong focus on slot variety
  • Live dealer entertainment options
  • Mobile browser compatibility
  • Regular promotional campaigns
  • Easy navigation between games and account sections

Our Verdict

Wild Tokyo earned recognition in our review of the best online casinos Canada because it combines variety, accessibility, and convenience in one casino experience. Its extensive game selection makes it appealing for users who enjoy switching between slots, table games, and live dealer options.

For anyone searching for the best online real money casino with a broad entertainment selection, Wild Tokyo provides a well-rounded choice with strong gaming variety and flexible features.

2. Lucky7: Best Canadian Online Casino For Promotions & Banking Flexibility

Lucky7 offers a balanced casino experience with a strong focus on promotions, game variety, and flexible payment options. During our review of the best online casinos Canada, our experts analysed how Lucky7 performs across important areas such as bonuses, game accessibility, account usability, and banking features.

The casino appeals to users who want a Canadian online casino with different entertainment options instead of being limited to one category. Its selection includes online slots, table games, live dealer titles, and other popular casino options, making it suitable for users comparing the best online casinos Canada.

One of the main strengths of Lucky7 is its promotional structure. Along with its welcome offer, the casino provides additional rewards such as reload bonuses and cashback opportunities. This makes it a suitable option for users looking for ongoing value rather than only an initial bonus.

Lucky7 also provides a mobile-friendly experience, allowing users to access games, promotions, and account features through smartphones and tablets. The layout is designed for simple navigation, helping users move between different sections without unnecessary steps.

Welcome Bonus & Promotions

  • Welcome Bonus: C$3,000 Welcome Bonus + 200 Free Spins
  • Saturday Reload Bonus: 100% up to C$2,000 + 100 Free Spins
  • Monday Reload Bonus: 100% up to C$2,000 + 100 Free Spins
  • Daily Cashback: 20%
  • Weekly Cashback: 10%

Key Features

  • Wide range of casino games
  • Strong promotional options
  • Multiple payment solutions
  • Cashback rewards for returning users
  • Mobile-compatible casino access
  • Easy-to-use account management

Our Verdict

Lucky7 performs strongly among the best online casinos Canada because it combines promotional value, game variety, and convenient account features. Its balance of entertainment choices and rewards makes it a suitable option for users who want more than a basic casino experience.

3. Slots Gallery: Best Online Real Money Casino For Slot Variety

Slots Gallery is designed for users who enjoy exploring different types of slot games. In our review of the best online casinos Canada, our experts examined its game selection, promotional offers, mobile performance, and overall usability to understand why it attracts slot-focused users.

The casino places strong attention on reel-based entertainment, offering access to different software providers, classic-style slots, and modern video games with advanced bonus features. This makes Slots Gallery a suitable choice for users searching for the best online real money casino focused on variety and frequent slot promotions.

For users comparing best Canadian online casinos, Slots Gallery stands out because of its extensive slot collection and organised browsing experience. Players can explore different themes, mechanics, and game formats while accessing promotions designed around regular gameplay. Its mobile-friendly design also allows users to browse games, manage accounts, and access promotions through smartphones and tablets.

Welcome Bonus & Promotions

  • Welcome Package: Up to $9,750 + 225 Free Spins
  • Loyalty Program: Up to 300 Free Spins
  • Daily Cashback: Up to 12.5%
  • Game of the Month Promotion: Up to 125 Free Spins
  • Crypto Bonus: Up to 1 BTC Daily
  • Monday Bonus: Up to 100 Free Spins
  • Wednesday Bonus: Up to 100 Free Spins

Key Features

  • Large slot-focused game collection
  • Multiple software providers
  • Regular free spin promotions
  • Mobile browser access
  • Easy game browsing experience
  • Different slot styles for various preferences

Our Verdict

Slots Gallery earns its place among the best online casinos Canada because of its strong focus on slot entertainment, accessible design, and wide range of promotional opportunities.

4. Boho Casino: Top Online Casino Canada For Rewards & Promotions

Boho Casino stands out among the best online casinos Canada for users who value regular promotions, cashback opportunities, and a diverse selection of casino games. During our review, our experts evaluated its bonus structure, gaming variety, mobile experience, and overall usability to understand how it compares with other leading casino options.

Unlike casinos that focus only on a single welcome offer, Boho Casino provides multiple promotional opportunities designed for continued engagement. This makes it suitable for users searching for a best online casino Canada experience with ongoing rewards alongside access to slots, table games, and live dealer entertainment.

The casino offers a broad game collection that appeals to different preferences. While slot games remain a major focus, users can also explore table-based options and live casino titles. This variety helps Boho Casino remain a competitive choice among the best Canadian online casinos for users who want flexibility.

Boho Casino also provides mobile-friendly access, allowing users to browse games, manage accounts, and view promotions through smartphones and tablets. The responsive design helps create a convenient experience for users who prefer playing without being restricted to desktop devices.

Welcome Bonus & Promotions

  • Welcome Package: Up to $9,750 + 225 Free Spins
  • Loyalty Program: Up to 300 Free Spins
  • Crypto Bonus: Up to 1 BTC
  • Wednesday Bonus: Up to 100 Free Spins
  • Monday Bonus: Up to 100 Free Spins
  • Daily Cashback: Up to 12.5%

Key Features

  • Strong selection of promotional offers
  • Cashback rewards for regular users
  • Wide range of casino categories
  • Mobile-compatible gaming experience
  • Multiple payment solutions
  • Easy access to bonuses and account features

Our Verdict

Boho Casino performed well in our assessment of the best online casinos Canada because it combines promotional value with a varied gaming experience. Its focus on cashback, loyalty rewards, and regular offers makes it appealing for users who prefer ongoing benefits.

5. BitStarz: Best Real Money Online Casino For Cryptocurrency Payments & Game Selection

BitStarz completes our review of the best online casinos Canada with its extensive game library, flexible payment options, and strong focus on cryptocurrency-friendly gaming. Our experts evaluated BitStarz based on game variety, promotional opportunities, payment flexibility, and overall user experience.

The casino provides access to a wide selection of entertainment options, including online slots, jackpot games, table games, live dealer titles, and original casino games. This makes BitStarz suitable for users searching for the best online real money casino with a broad range of gaming choices.

Among Canadian online casinos, BitStarz is recognised for combining traditional casino entertainment with cryptocurrency payment support. This appeals to users who prefer digital currency options while still wanting access to familiar casino categories.

The casino also provides mobile browser access, allowing users to explore games, tournaments, promotions, and account features from compatible smartphones and tablets.

Welcome Bonus & Promotions

  • Welcome Bonus: 300% up to C$2,000 + 180 Free Spins
  • Slot Wars: €5,000 Cash Prize Pool + 5,000 Free Spins
  • Table Wars: €10,000 Cash Prize Pool
  • Originals Tournament: $5,000 Cash Prize
  • Monday Reload Bonus: 50% up to C$300
  • VIP Cashback Rewards

Key Features

  • Cryptocurrency payment support
  • Large selection of casino games
  • Wide range of gaming categories
  • Tournament-based promotions
  • Mobile browser compatibility
  • Combination of classic and original games

Our Verdict

BitStarz earned recognition in our review of the best online casinos Canada because of its extensive gaming catalogue, payment flexibility, and wide range of entertainment options.

Casino Bonuses and Promotions for Canadians

Bonuses remain an important factor when choosing the best online casinos in Canada. A trusted online casino Canada option should offer clear promotional terms and valuable rewards that enhance the overall gaming experience. The best Canadian online casinos often include a range of offers, such as:

  • Welcome Bonuses

Initial rewards for new users after registration and meeting deposit requirements.

  • Deposit Match Bonuses

Extra funds added as a percentage of the deposit amount up to a set limit.

  • Free Spins

Complimentary spins on selected slot games, giving players additional chances to enjoy popular titles.

  • Cashback Offers

A percentage of eligible losses returned during a specific promotional period.

  • Reload Bonuses

Additional promotions available for existing users on selected occasions.

  • VIP Rewards

Exclusive benefits, bonuses, and loyalty incentives for regular casino users.

Bonus Terms to Know

Before claiming any promotion at the best online casinos Canada, it is important to understand the conditions attached to each offer. Reviewing these details helps users choose an online casino Canada option with fair and transparent bonus rules. Key terms include:

  1. Wagering Requirement (Rollover)

The number of times bonus funds must be played through before withdrawal (for example, 35x).

  1. Game Weighting

The contribution different games make toward rollover requirements, with slots often counting at 100% while some table games may contribute less.

  1. Expiry Window

The time limit available to complete bonus requirements, which may range from a few days to several weeks.

  1. Max Bet Limit

The maximum stake allowed while using active bonus funds.

  1. Eligible Games & Deposit Rules

The games that qualify for bonus play and any minimum deposit requirements.

Responsible Gambling

Responsible gambling should always be a priority when using the best online casinos Canada. Real-money gaming should be treated as entertainment, not a source of income. Reliable Canadian online casinos offer tools that help users manage their activity and maintain healthy gambling habits. Key responsible gambling practices include:

  • Deposit & Loss Limits: Set spending limits to control your gaming budget.
  • Session Timers: Monitor playing time and take regular breaks.
  • Self-Exclusion Tools: Temporarily or permanently limit account access when necessary.
  • Avoid Chasing Losses: Play within your limits and make informed decisions.

Final Thought

Choosing the best online casinos Canada involves more than searching for the biggest bonuses. Reliable withdrawals, quality game selections, secure payment methods, mobile compatibility, and fair bonus terms all contribute to a better online gaming experience.

Among the reviewed options, Wild Tokyo, Lucky7, Slots Gallery, Boho Casino, and BitStarz stand out as some of the best Canadian online casinos for different preferences. Whether you prefer diverse casino games, rewarding promotions, or flexible payment options, these sites offer different experiences to suit Canadian players in 2026.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the best online casinos Canada players can consider?

Canadian users can consider Wild Tokyo, Lucky7, Slots Gallery, Boho Casino, and BitStarzamong the best online casinos Canada for bonuses, game variety, secure payments, and reliable gaming experiences.

2. Are online casino winnings taxable in Canada?

No, online casino winnings are generally tax-free in Canada for recreational players, as the CRA does not consider gambling proceeds as regular earned income unless pursued as a full-time business.

3. What is the fastest withdrawal method for Canadian players?

Cryptocurrency (Bitcoin, Ethereum, USDT) and e-wallets like MuchBetter offer the fastest cashout speeds, often processing within 0 to 24 hours compared to traditional bank wire transfers.

4. Can I deposit directly using Canadian Dollars (CAD)?

Yes, top online gaming destinations support CAD transactions directly through credit cards, bank transfers, and e-wallets, helping Canadian players avoid unnecessary currency conversion fees.

5. Are mobile casinos popular in Canada?

Yes. Mobile gaming continues to grow, and most leading casino sites provide fully optimized access through smartphones and tablets.

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