Anti-Jewish hate crimes in the US spiked to a record high last year, and American Jews were the most targeted of any religious group in the country, according to a new report by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

The FBI on Monday released its 2023 Hate Crimes Report, which found that hate crimes against Jews increased a staggering 63 percent year over year, from 1,124 in 2022 to 1,832 in 2023. Last year’s total was the highest number ever recorded by the FBI since it began collecting data in 1991.

Antisemitic hate crimes also accounted for 67 percent of all religiously motivated hate crimes and 15 percent of all hate crimes of any kind recorded by the FBI in 2023, despite Jews making up just 2 percent of the US population.

The FBI report came out amid a historic surge in antisemitism both in the US and around the world, especially across Europe, following the Palestinian terror group Hamas’s Oct. 7 massacre across southern Israel, amid the ensuing war in Gaza. The onslaught was the deadliest single-day killing of Jews since the Holocaust.

“As the Jewish community is still reeling from Hamas’s brutal attack against Israelis on Oct. 7, we are simultaneously contending with an earth-shattering increase in antisemitic violence,” American Jewish Committee (AJC) CEO Ted Deutch said in a statement. “The [reported antisemitic crimes] have taken a severe toll on so many American Jews’ way of life. The worst part of this new reality is that young Jews are increasingly on the receiving end of this rise in antisemitic hate, according to AJC’s State of Antisemitism in America 2023 Report. It’s unacceptable that in America of all places there are nearly five antisemitic hate crimes on average per day.”

Surveys from earlier this year revealed that over one-third of Jewish college students have reported needing to hide their Jewish identity on campus, where antisemitic incidents have been particularly rampant, skyrocketing to record levels.

Following the release of the data, the AJC noted that “the actual numbers of incidents is likely greater,” as hate crimes are widely underreported across the country.

“Because many major cities continue to not report hate crimes, the true state of antisemitism in the US is likely much worse than the record number of antisemitic hate crimes in the FBI’s data,” the group said. “The difficulties faced by local, state, and national law enforcement agencies in accurately documenting and reporting this information deprives communities and elected officials the opportunity to truly understand the degree to which hate-based violence permeates American society.”

The FBI data came after the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) released a report in April showing antisemitic incidents in the US rose 140 percent last year, reaching a record high of 8,873 outrages — an average of 24 every day. Most of the incidents occurred after Oct. 7, during the ensuing Israel-Hamas war in Gaza.

On college campuses specifically, the ADL report found that antisemitic incidents rose 321 percent, disrupting the studies of Jewish students and leaving them uncertain about the fate of the American Jewish community.

“At a time when the Jewish community is still suffering from the sharp rise in antisemitism following Hamas’s Oct. 7 massacre in Israel, the record-high number of anti-Jewish hate crime incidents is unfortunately entirely consistent with the Jewish community’s experience and ADL’s tracking,” ADL CEO Jonathan Greenblatt said in a statement on the new FBI report. “Hate crimes are uniquely harmful, traumatizing both the individual and their community.”

“Although it’s encouraging to see more law enforcement agencies participating in reporting hate crimes data in 2023, we still have a long way to go toward ensuring comprehensive data collection that provides a more accurate picture of the lived experience of targeted communities across the country,” Greenblatt added. “Data drives policy, and without having a complete understanding of the problem, we cannot effectively address this significant surge in hate violence.”

Both the AJC and the ADL called on the US Congress to pass the Improving Reporting to Prevent Hate Act, which among other measures would require law enforcement agencies representing large cities to report credible hate crimes data to the FBI in order to be eligible for certain federal funding.

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