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How a Russian Jewish activist’s deportation case led to Mahmoud Khalil’s
In 1951, Russian Jewish activist Dora Coleman, who was married to an American citizen and had lived in the United States for more than 30 years, was facing deportation. The Supreme Court was taking up the question of whether Congress had the power to deport lawful permanent residents for past membership in the Communist Party, and Coleman was one of the people named in the case.
That case, Harisiades v. Shaughnessy, has resurfaced in the legal fight over pro-Palestinian activist Mahmoud Khalil, who the Trump administration last week said it planned to rearrest and deport to Algeria. In prior court filings, the Trump administration cited the Harisiades decision to argue that green card holders like Khalil do not enjoy full First Amendment protections, and thus can be deported for political speech.
The case exemplifies how the Trump administration has had to rely on legal precedents from an awkward period of history while claiming to combat antisemitism: the Red Scare–era when Jewish immigrants were targeted.
Who was Dora Coleman?
Born in Russia in 1900, Coleman immigrated at the age of 13 to Philadelphia, where she worked in sweatshops. She became a union organizer in her teens and later owned a bric-à-brac shop, selling tchotchkes. She married an American citizen and had three children.
In 1940, Congress passed the The Alien Registration Act, which made past or present membership in organizations advocating for the violent overthrow of the U.S. government, including the Communist Party, grounds for deporting non-citizens.
That was problematic for Coleman, who had been a member of the Communist Party intermittently between 1919 and 1938, though “she held no office, and her activities were not significant,” according to court documents at the time. “She disavowed much knowledge of party principles and program, claiming she joined each time because of some injustice the party was then fighting.”
Despite that, Coleman was ordered deported because “she became a member of an organization advocating overthrow of the government by force and violence.”
Her case was combined with two others facing deportation for prior membership in the Communist Party, Italian immigrant Luigi Mascitti and Greek immigrant Peter Harisiades, for whom the case is named.
In 1952, the Court ruled that non-citizens could indeed be deported for past membership in the Communist Party, and Coleman was to be sent to the USSR.
At the same time, the dissenting opinion warned of the civil rights implications of holding lawful permanent residents to a different standard than citizens. “Unless they are free from arbitrary banishment, the ‘liberty’ they enjoy while they live here is indeed illusory,” wrote Justice William Douglas — who was handpicked by Justice Louis Brandeis, the Court’s first Jewish justice, to succeed him.
The Forward covered the case at the time, writing in March 1952 that the Supreme Court’s decision, along with another allowing communists to be held without bail, “are major defeats for the Communist Party in America.”
The USSR would not allow Coleman to return, though, so she remained in Philadelphia. She died of a stroke in her early sixties, having lived in constant fear of detention.
How has the case been applied?
The Trump administration has cited Harisiades v. Shaughnessy to argue that green card holders do not have the same First Amendment protections as citizens.
“The Court has already rejected a First Amendment challenge to a governmental effort to deport communists for being communists — i.e., an effort to prioritize immigration enforcement to combat a given political viewpoint,” the Department of Justice argued in an April legal brief. “There is no constitutional difference to an effort to expel Hamas supporters.”
But in June, a federal judge rejected that argument — including a lengthy discussion of why subsequent First Amendment case law should inform how Harisiades v. Shaughnessy is applied today.
According to Daniel Kanstroom, a law professor at Boston College and author of Deportation Nation: Outsiders in American History, that’s partly because at the time Harisiades was decided, our modern conception of the First Amendment did not yet exist. It would be another 17 years until the landmark Supreme Court case Brandenburg v. Ohio established that speech is protected unless it incites “imminent lawless action.” So it wasn’t that the justices deciding Harisiades thought the First Amendment shouldn’t apply to non-citizens; it’s that they were applying the First Amendment doctrine of that time.
The Trump administration “is reading as if it said non-citizens don’t have First Amendment protections, and in my opinion, that’s an incorrect reading of the opinion,” Kanstroom told the Forward.
The Trump administration has now largely abandoned its First Amendment argument, Kanstroom said, instead arguing that Khalil misrepresented himself on his green card application by failing to disclose an internship with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees, known as UNRWA.
Meanwhile, Khalil’s lawyers argue he cannot be deported while his case remains on appeal — and that the green card dispute is a pretext to continue to target him for constitutionally protected speech.
According to Kanstroom, Khalil’s case is likely to head to the Supreme Court, where the question of how to apply the Harisiades case may arise again.
“We’re at a point with the Khalil case where the courts are going to have to re-engage on the question of, To what extent does the First Amendment protect non-citizens who are resident in this country?” Kanstroom said. “It’s still something that the courts will have to wrestle with.”
Chana Pollack contributed research.
The post How a Russian Jewish activist’s deportation case led to Mahmoud Khalil’s appeared first on The Forward.
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Israeli ambassador meets with France’s Marine Le Pen, extending outreach to Europe’s far-right
(JTA) — Israeli Ambassador to France Joshua Zarka held a meeting on Wednesday with far-right French leader Marine Le Pen, marking the latest instance in a recent trend of Israeli outreach to Europe’s nationalist right.
The meeting, which was not publicly announced by either leader, was confirmed by the Israeli embassy to the French outlet Le Parisien. It was unclear what the pair discussed.
The meeting between Zarka and Le Pen, who is the former president of France’s far-right National Rally party, comes over a year since Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa’ar announced that the country would lift its longstanding boycott of far-right parties in Sweden, France and Spain.
Israel continues not to engage with far-right parties in Germany, and Diaspora Minister Amichai Chikli, who has invited leaders of parties with a history of antisemitism to conferences he has organized in Israel, has cited the Alternative for Germany party as an example of one that had not adequately shed its antisemitic roots.
National Rally was founded as the National Front in 1972 by Le Pen’s father, Jean Marie le Pen, who frequently espoused racist and antisemitic rhetoric and was convicted of Holocaust denial in 1987.
The party has since tried to distance itself from its antisemitic history, with its current leader, Jordan Bardella, visiting Jerusalem last March for the country’s International Conference on Combating Antisemitism, where he delivered the keynote speech.
Diplomatic relations between Israel and France have soured in recent years, with French President Emmanuel Macron voicing public criticism of Israel’s conduct during the war in Gaza and formally recognizing Palestinian statehood at the United Nations General Assembly in September.
Last May, Le Pen shot back at Macron after he said during a television appearance that “what Benjamin Netanyahu’s government is doing today is unacceptable” and “a disgrace.”
“I find this statement unworthy of the President of the French Republic,” Le Pen responded. “He keeps increasing his criticism of Israel, perhaps because he is incapable of providing a solution to facilitate the fight against Islamist fundamentalism.”
While Le Pen has long voiced her support for Israel, last week she threw her support behind Macron’s proposal to include Lebanon in a regional ceasefire, which Israel has previously opposed.
“It is our country’s duty to protect Lebanon, its people, and its sovereignty,” wrote Le Pen in a post on X. “This country is once again a collateral victim of the tensions in the region, suffering massive bombings on its capital. I support France’s proposal to include Lebanon in the framework of the regional ceasefire.”
Israeli leaders have pushed back on Macron’s requests and refused to allow the country to be involved in direct talks between Israel and Lebanon, which was formerly a French mandate.
“We’d like to keep the French as far away as possible from pretty much everything, but particularly when it comes to peace negotiations,” Yechiel Leiter, Israel’s ambassador to the United States, told reporters earlier this week following ceasefire talks between Israel and Lebanon on Tuesday.
On Thursday, President Donald Trump announced that Israel and Lebanon had agreed to a 10-day ceasefire.
Le Pen has also been critical of the joint U.S.-Israeli strikes on Iran, telling Le Parisien last month that Trump “clearly did not fully appreciate the impact of his intervention.”
Le Pen is currently awaiting a July court ruling that will determine whether she can run in France’s presidential election next year, following her conviction last year for misusing European Parliament funds for political purposes.
This article originally appeared on JTA.org.
The post Israeli ambassador meets with France’s Marine Le Pen, extending outreach to Europe’s far-right appeared first on The Forward.
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Italian opposition leader Elly Schlein, whose father is Jewish, backs Giorgia Meloni in Trump split over Israel
(JTA) — Until this week, Giorgia Meloni, the Italian prime minister, was allies with Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu and adversaries with Elly Schlein, Italy’s opposition leader.
Now, Meloni is at odds with Trump and Netanyahu, her fellow conservatives in the United States and Israel, and getting a boost from Schlein, a liberal whose father is an American Jew.
The causes of the breach: the U.S.-Israel war on Iran, and the pope.
Schlein threw her support between Meloni after Trump attacked her for defending Pope Leo XIV, who said on Friday that “God does not bless any conflict” and that Christians should never be on the side of those who drop bombs. The criticism triggered a strong response from Trump, who said on Sunday that the Catholic leader was “terrible on foreign policy” and accused him of “catering to the radical left.”
That did not go over well in Italy, where about three-quarters of people are Catholic. In a statement Monday, Meloni came to Pope Leo’s defense, calling Trump’s remarks “unacceptable,” and adding, “The Pope is the head of the Catholic Church, and it is right and proper that he call for peace and condemn all forms of war.”
The break between Trump and Meloni marked a notable public rift between the two leaders, as Meloni has long been one of Trump’s closest political allies in Europe. The rift deepened the next day, when Meloni announced that Italy had ended its defense agreement with Israel, marking another significant shift in the right-wing government’s international relations.
“In light of the current situation, the government has decided to suspend the automatic renewal of the defense agreement with Israel,” Meloni told reporters in Verona, adding, “When there are things we don’t agree with, we act accordingly.”
Trump wasn’t happy that Meloni had rebuffed his pressure to join the Iran conflict and said as much on Wednesday on Fox News.
“She’s been negative,” Trump said. “Anybody that turned us down to helping with this Iran situation, we do not have the same relationship.”
Enter Schlein and a rare moment of cross-party unity in Italy.
Schlein has led Italy’s Democratic Party since 2023. She has said she is “very proudly the daughter of a Jewish father,” the American-Italian scholar Melvin Schlein, and that she has faced antisemitism even though she herself is not Jewish.
Her father grew up in New Jersey and lived on Kibbutz Nahal Oz, one of the communities ravaged on Oct. 7, 2023, during the 1960s. He has joined his daughter in criticizing Netanyahu but told an Italian paper that while she believes in a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, he does not. The relative of Jews murdered in the Holocaust, he also has said he is concerned about rising antisemitism in Europe — and that while he generally shares his daughter’s politics, he is concerned that some on the left have joined with the right in adopting antisemitic ideas.
On Wednesday, speaking in the Italian Chamber of Deputies, Schlein, said she wished to express her “strongest condemnation” of Trump’s “attack on Meloni for having dutifully expressed solidarity with Pope Leo.”
She also emphasized her own opposition to the Iran war.
“I want to reiterate that Italy is a free and sovereign country, and our Constitution is clear: Italy repudiates war.” Schlein said during her speech to a standing ovation. “No foreign head of state can allow himself to attack, threaten, or disrespect our country and our government. We are adversaries in this chamber, but we are all Italian citizens and representatives of Italians, and we will not accept attacks or threats against the government and our country.”
Schlein had welcomed the suspension of the defense agreement and called on Italy to “stop obstructing” the suspension of the Association Agreement between Israel and the European Union, which governs trade and political relations between the entities.
This week, a petition by the European Citizens’ Initiative to end the agreement reached the required 1 million signatures needed to trigger a formal review by the European Commission.
“We, along with other progressive forces, have been calling for this for some time, because the dignity of this country is also measured by its respect for international law,” Schlein said.
The Israeli Foreign Ministry dismissed the suspension. While Italy is the third-biggest arms exporter to Israel, following the United States and Germany, it only accounted for 1.3% of Israeli arms imports between 2021 and 2025, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
“We have no security agreement with Italy. We have a memorandum of understanding from many years ago that has never contained any substantive content,” the ministry said in a statement. “This will not affect Israel’s security.”
This article originally appeared on JTA.org.
The post Italian opposition leader Elly Schlein, whose father is Jewish, backs Giorgia Meloni in Trump split over Israel appeared first on The Forward.
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Our pioneering Reform synagogue has shrunk, but remains as vibrant as ever
To the editors:
As President of Temple Beth-El of Great Neck, I read Lauren Hakimi’s recent article “A pioneering Reform synagogue makes way for a booming Iranian Jewish community,” with both appreciation and concern. While the piece captures certain facts, it presents our congregation primarily through the lens of decline and demographic change. In doing so, it misses an important story.
Yes, we are preparing to sell the building that has been our home for decades, and our membership is smaller than it once was. But Temple Beth-El today is a vibrant, diverse, and deeply engaged congregation. Even a cursory look at our calendar would have shown the depth and breadth of the activities — worship, study, Israel engagement, social action and adult education — taking place at TBE.
Size is one measure of a synagogue’s success, but it is far from the only one. Even on that front, this story is incomplete. The sale of our building is not simply a response to changing numbers; it is a strategic step that will allow us to align our physical space with our mission and ensure long-term sustainability. This is a story not of retreat, but of reinvention. Further, after the sale, Temple Beth-El will be one of, if not the, most financially secure synagogues on Long Island.
We are proud of our role in the larger Great Neck community, and we cherish our values more than any building. Temple Beth-El has long been a strong voice for social justice, as Hakimi notes in mentioning our past hosting Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Today, we carry that legacy forward in our current work with interfaith food pantries and supporting undocumented immigrants.
These aren’t just social activities; they are religious imperatives. Hakimi notes that she herself received her COVID vaccine at TBE. When we opened our doors as a vaccine hub, we were not just providing a service — we were advancing our values by practicing the preservation of life for the benefit of our entire Great Neck family.
Finally, we are concerned that the reporter’s conclusion — “This is the most compelling thing anyone has told me for this story: that even Orthodox Jews benefit from having a Reform synagogue for a neighbor” — is misleading. We are proud to be good neighbors in a diverse community. But our purpose is not to justify our existence to others — it is to serve our congregants and all who seek a Judaism that is liberal, inclusive and engaged with the world.
Great Neck is not a zero-sum game of demographics, but a rich mosaic. Our synagogue’s commitment to a liberal, inclusive, and socially active Judaism is as essential to our town today as it was at our founding in 1928.
The post Our pioneering Reform synagogue has shrunk, but remains as vibrant as ever appeared first on The Forward.