Features
How Robbie Robertson, a lead member of one of the greatest bands of all time, learned he was Jewish — and the son of a gangster The songwriter and lead guitarist for the Band died at 80
By SETH ROGOVOY August 9, 2023 (The Forward) Forward Editor’s note: Robbie Robertson, the lead guitarist and songwriter for the Band died August 9, at the age of 80. To honor his memory, we’re republishing this piece from April 2020, about how Robertson learned of his Jewish roots.
In the new documentary film, “Once Were Brothers: Robbie Robertson and The Band,” Robertson – The Band’s main songwriter and guitarist – tells the story of how he finally learned of his Jewish heritage and how his Jewish relatives in Toronto embraced him and opened a whole new world of “vision” to him.
Robertson had been raised in suburban Toronto as Jaime Royal Robertson without knowing that the man he called dad, James Patrick Robertson, was not his biological father. When his mother, Dolly Robertson – who was a Mohawk raised on the Six Nations Reserve southwest of Toronto – finally had had enough of James Robertson’s physical and emotional abuse, she sat her son down, explained that she was divorcing James, and revealed to him that his natural father, Alexander Klegerman, had died in a roadside accident before Robbie was born. She also told her bar-mitzvah age son that Klegerman was Jewish.
Or, as Ronnie Hawkins, the Arkansan rockabilly bandleader who, one by one, hired the five Toronto-area musicians who would become the Hawks and later on The Band, says with a modicum of glee in the documentary, “Robbie’s real dad was a Hebrew gangster.”
Robbie picks up the story. His mother introduced him to his father’s family, including his father’s brothers, Natie and Morrie Klegerman, who were prominent members of Toronto’s Jewish underworld. “They brought me into their world with tremendous love and affection,” recounts Robertson, who would occasionally do “errands” for his uncles.
Robertson describes how the typical dream of his schoolmates was to own their own bowling alley. Having already been bitten by the rock ‘n’ roll bug, including its ethos of rebellion against the conformity of suburban life, he could not relate.
“These relatives of mine … I’m understanding what’s been stirring inside of me all this time,” he says. “They understand vision. They understand ambition. When I told the Klegermans I had musical ambitions, they were like, ‘Rock ‘n’ roll? You don’t want to be in furs and diamonds?’ And then they were like, ‘Oh, you mean show business!” That they could understand, and they even helped young Robbie, who had his own rock combo, get gigs in Toronto nightclubs.
That vision and ambition would propel Robertson through good times and bad, and he became the main engine that would drive his fellow musicians in Ronnie Hawkins’s backup band – an incredibly talented assemblage of singers and musicians including Levon Helm, Rick Danko, Richard Manuel, and Garth Hudson – to head out on their own, first as a white R&B group called Levon and the Hawks, then as Bob Dylan’s backup group on his controversial “going electric” world tour of 1965-1966, and later as the Woodstock-based outfit The Band, for whom Robertson wrote signature hits including “The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down,” “The Weight,” and “Stage Fright.”
The Band built a bridge from late-1960s hippie-rock to a more soulful and cerebral 1970s roots music – what we now call “Americana.” The likes of Bruce Springsteen, Eric Clapton, George Harrison, Peter Gabriel, Van Morrison, Bob Dylan, and Taj Mahal pay tribute to the group in the film – which is now streaming on all the major rental platforms. Taj Mahal describes them as “the American Beatles”; Springsteen notes they boasted “three of the greatest white singers in rock history”; Clapton says he was “in great awe of their brotherhood.” Clapton recounts that upon hearing their debut album, “Music for Big Pink,” he broke up the English power trio Cream and traveled to Woodstock to try to get the group to hire him as a rhythm guitarist. (Needless to say, they declined, although Clapton did get all of them to play on his 1976 solo album, “No Reason to Cry,” which he recorded at The Band’s Shangri-la Studios in Malibu.)
For The Band’s penultimate studio album, 1975’s “Northern Light, Southern Cross,” Robertson wrote a song called “Rags and Bones,” which seems to pay tribute to one of the professions typically filled by Eastern European Jewish immigrants to North America – the ragman – and the sounds and music one would hear in those ghetto streets. The refrain goes:
Ragman, your song of the street/Keeps haunting my memory/Music in the air/I hear it ev’rywhere/Rags, bones and old city songs/Hear them, how they talk to me.
The Band would bow out in 1976 with the all-star concert, “The Last Waltz,” which became a live album and concert film directed by Martin Scorsese, who also appears in “Once Were Brothers.” That farewell project would cement a decades-long relationship between Scorsese and Robertson, in which Robertson would often serve as music supervisor for Scorsese’s films, as he did for last year’s “The Irishman.” Robertson would also enjoy a successful career as a critically lauded solo artist; his sixth solo album, “Sinematic,” came out last fall and included “I Hear You Paint Houses,” which served as the title track to “The Irishman,” as well as the song “Once Were Brothers,” his poignant tribute to his former Band-mates, all of whom have passed away with the exception of organist Garth Hudson.
In its loving remembrances of and tributes to his former, fallen Band-mates, “Once Were Brothers” serves as Robertson’s mourner’s kaddish for the group.
Seth Rogovoy is a contributing editor at the Forward. He is the author of Bob Dylan: Prophet Mystic Poet (Scribner, 2009) and the forthcoming Within You Without You: Listening to George Harrison (Oxford University Press).
Reprinted with permission from The Forward.
Features
The Complex Relationship Between Gambling and Israel
The relationship between Israel and gambling is unique and complex, shaped by the country’s deeply intertwined cultural, religious, and political history. While gambling and online casino gaming are highly popular activities globally, Israel has adopted a more conservative stance toward them, reflecting the strong influence of religious and social values regarding perceived morality. Despite these restrictions, certain forms of state-controlled gambling are permitted. This article explores the evolution of gambling legislation in Israel, from early prohibitions to the current legal framework, and examines potential future changes in this controversial area.
Early Legislation and Updates for Online Casinos
Since its establishment, the state of Israel has maintained a strict stance against gambling. Early laws were designed to reflect a strong moral position rooted in Jewish religious values, which condemn gambling as a vice. These principles became embedded in Israel’s Penal Law 5737 of 1977, which banned most forms of gambling. The law criminalized gambling on moral and social grounds, focusing on the negative impact it has on individuals and society.
Today, the only forms of legal gambling in Israel are the national lottery and government-licensed sports betting. All other forms of gambling are illegal under the Penal Law 5737. In 2005, the law was updated to include online casino gaming, making it illegal for both operators within Israel and Israeli citizens accessing online gambling services from abroad.
The foundation of these laws lies in cultural and religious beliefs, which explain why gambling is approached with extreme caution in Israel. For many, gambling is viewed as a moral failure that fosters addiction, financial ruin, and various social problems. This perspective, deeply embedded in Jewish teachings, continues to shape Israel’s legal approach to gambling.
Legalization of the Israel Sports Betting Board and National Lottery
Although there has been a general ban on gambling in Israel, two key exemptions were made: the national lottery, Mifal HaPayis, and the Israel Sports Betting Board (ISBB), which oversees legal sports betting. These exemptions were granted to allow for regulated, state-approved gambling while maintaining the country’s stance against unregulated and private gambling enterprises.
Mifal HaPayis is Israel’s government owned lottery company which was established in 1951 to raise funds for health, education, and community welfare projects. By linking the lottery to positive social causes, the government was able to legitimize it while upholding the country’s conservative moral values. Since its inception, the national lottery has become an integral part of Israel’s economy, generating funds for various public services.
The Israel Sports Betting Board, founded in 1967, introduced legal sports betting, initially limited to soccer and basketball. As a state-controlled betting outlet, the proceeds from ISBB are directed towards public sports programs. Similar to the lottery, legal sports betting is justified by its contribution to social welfare, although it remains limited to a small range of sports to preserve the country’s conservative position on gambling.
Attempts to Regulate and Legalize Other Forms of Gambling
Over the years, there have been several attempts to legalize and regulate other forms of gambling in Israel, including casinos and online gaming. Supporters argue that casinos would attract more tourists and generate much-needed tax revenue, while regulating online gambling could help curb the growing illegal market.
In the 1990s, there was a serious proposal to build a casino in Eilat, a popular resort city that seemed like a natural location for such an establishment. However, strong opposition from religious and political factions quickly shut down the plan. To this day, the idea of establishing a casino in Israel remains highly controversial, with moral concerns often outweighing potential economic benefits.
Online gambling presents another contentious issue. As internet access increases in Israel, more people are accessing foreign gambling sites, bypassing the country’s strict land-based betting restrictions. While some lawmakers have considered regulating online gambling as a way to exercise greater control and collect tax revenue, opponents fear it would fuel gambling addiction and place more citizens at risk of financial ruin. So far, efforts to expand the legal scope of gambling in Israel have been met with resistance, particularly from religious authorities and conservative politicians.
The Future of Gambling Legislation in Israel
As global attitudes toward gambling continue to evolve, there is growing speculation about whether Israel will reconsider its restrictive gambling laws. In recent years, there has been increasing pressure to legalize and regulate more forms of betting, particularly in the rapidly expanding world of online gaming. Advocates argue that by legalizing and regulating online betting platforms, Israel could significantly benefit from the substantial tax revenue such platforms generate.
However, any push for more liberal gambling legislation is likely to face strong opposition from religious and conservative groups. These factions maintain that gambling is inherently destructive, warning that increased legal wagering could lead to societal issues like addiction and financial ruin. Balancing this global trend toward responsible gambling with the scrutiny on betting operators presents an additional layer of complexity in Israel’s ongoing debate on gambling legislation.
Features
How Cryptocurrencies are Changing Online casinos in Canada
Over the past decade, cryptocurrencies have established themselves as a powerful tool in the financial world, and their potential is starting to be felt in other industries. One of the most remarkable areas where cryptocurrencies find application is online betting and casinos. In Canada, of the world, these digital assets are changing the way people play and bet, offering new opportunities and challenges.
Advantages of Cryptocurrencies in Online Casinos
Decentralization and Security
The main attraction of cryptocurrencies for online casinos is their decentralization and security. Without the need for intermediaries, cryptocurrency transactions can be carried out quickly and without unnecessary fees. This is especially important for players who wish to maintain their anonymity and avoid lengthy verification procedures required by traditional financial institutions.
Transparency and Traceability
The blockchain technology on which cryptocurrencies are built provides a permanent record of all transactions, making fraud practically impossible. This is crucial for online casinos, where player trust is paramount. With cryptocurrencies, players can be confident that their bets and winnings are safe and traceable.
Microtransactions and Bonuses
Cryptocurrencies offer the possibility of microtransactions, allowing players to bet even small amounts. This is particularly attractive for new players who want to try their luck without risking large sums of money. Additionally, many online casinos offer bonuses and promotions specifically designed for cryptocurrency users, further encouraging their use.
International Transactions
Cryptocurrencies facilitate international transactions. In Canada, as in many other countries, there are strict regulations regarding gambling, which often complicate the process of depositing and withdrawing funds. However, cryptocurrencies remove these barriers, allowing players to conduct transactions quickly and easily, regardless of their geographical location. For Canadian players seeking the best options in this regard, no verification casinos have become increasingly popular. To explore more options, visit this guide on Canadian no verification casinos, where players can find casinos that accept cryptocurrencies without the hassle of KYC processes.
User Experience and Satisfaction
Speed and Ease of Transactions
Cryptocurrencies significantly improve the user experience in online casinos, offering numerous advantages that traditional payment methods cannot provide. One of the main benefits is the speed of transactions. While traditional bank transfers and credit card payments can take from several hours to several days, cryptocurrency transactions are usually almost instantaneous. This allows players to deposit funds and start playing immediately.
Security and Anonymity
Players appreciate the high level of security and anonymity that cryptocurrencies provide. Unlike traditional payment methods, which require sharing personal and financial data, cryptocurrencies allow players to maintain their privacy. The ease of transactions is also an important aspect, as players can make deposits and withdrawals with minimal effort.
Low Transaction Fees
Low transaction fees are another significant factor in improving the user experience. Traditional payment methods often involve high processing fees, especially for international transfers. Cryptocurrencies, on the other hand, offer minimal or even zero transaction fees, making betting more accessible and economical for users.
Positive Feedback
Feedback from players and users who use cryptocurrencies in online casinos is predominantly positive. Many appreciate the high level of security and anonymity that cryptocurrencies provide. Players are also satisfied with the speed of transactions, which increases customer satisfaction and makes the game more enjoyable.
Cryptocurrency Regulations and Impact on Online casinos
Regulatory Requirements
Cryptocurrency regulations vary significantly around the world and can have a substantial impact on online casinos. In Canada, cryptocurrencies are not officially recognized as legal tender, but their use is permitted and regulated. Federal and provincial regulators require online casinos accepting cryptocurrencies to comply with strict anti-money laundering (AML) and know your customer (KYC) rules.
These regulatory requirements include monitoring transactions and identifying users to prevent illegal activities. This may reduce the attractiveness of cryptocurrencies for some players seeking anonymity. However, these measures aim to enhance security and trust in the system.
Global Context
Globally, regulations differ significantly. Some countries, such as Japan and Switzerland, have progressive and favorable cryptocurrency regulations, while others, such as China and India, are more restrictive. These differences affect the accessibility and popularity of cryptocurrencies in online betting across various jurisdictions.
Progressive Regulations
- Japan: Japan is one of the first countries to legalize and regulate cryptocurrencies. The Payment Services Act, passed in 2017, recognizes Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as legal means of payment and imposes strict requirements on exchanges.
- Switzerland: Switzerland, known for its “Crypto Valley” in Zug, has a favorable legal framework for cryptocurrencies. The country provides clear guidelines for ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings) and other crypto projects, making it an attractive destination for blockchain companies.
Restrictive Regulations
- China: China is known for its restrictive policy towards cryptocurrencies. In 2017, the country banned ICOs and closed numerous crypto exchanges. However, China is actively developing its national digital currency (DCEP).
- India: India also has a restrictive policy towards cryptocurrencies. In 2018, the Reserve Bank of India banned financial institutions from providing services related to cryptocurrencies. This ban was overturned in 2020, but legal uncertainty remains.
Future of Regulations
As cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology evolve, regulations will also adapt. A clearer and more unified legal framework is expected, which will ensure a balance between innovation and consumer protection. This regulatory evolution may lead to:
- Increased Transparency and Security: With clear regulations, consumers will have greater confidence in the legitimacy of crypto projects and platforms.
- Institutional Investments: Clearer regulations will encourage institutional investors to enter the crypto market, increasing liquidity and stability.
- Global Cooperation: International organizations and governments will work together to create coordinated regulations that prevent illegal activities and promote innovation.
Conclusion
Cryptocurrency regulations play a crucial role in shaping the future of online casinos. Although strict rules may reduce the attractiveness of cryptocurrencies for some players, they also enhance security and trust in the system. As the legal framework evolves, cryptocurrencies will continue to transform the online casinos industry, providing new opportunities and challenges.
Features
Marathon Beneva de Montréal: An Occasion Not to Miss
The Marathon Beneva de Montréal 2024 is going to be one of the most breathtaking and fascinating marathons of the year. This is a beloved occasion for proficient athletes and runners-novices. The marathon is going to be carried out in the bright city of Montréal, Quebec.
There is no doubt that Beneva de Montréal is something more than a race. It is a demonstration of sportsmanship, the human spirit, and the rich cultural landscape of one of Canada’s most incredible cities.
Beneva de Montréal 2024: Dates and Location
Running has been an attractive activity for both athletes and conventional people for a long time. While proficient athletes partake in contests to win awards, spectators engage in live betting to acquire earnings by leaning upon a reliable bookmaker GGBet. But Beneva de Montréal provides ordinary people not merely to watch the marathon but likewise partake in it.
Being popular for its unique mixture of French and English heritage, Montréal proposes a memorable experience to runners. Historical landmarks, breathtaking scenery, and delighted supporters will line the course. Here are the primary details on the future marathon:
| Dates | September 21 and 22, 2024 |
| Organizer | Événements GPCQM |
| Venue | Starting line at Parc Jean-Drapeau |
The occasion entices more attention with every passing year as the capability for athletes and tourists to discover the charms of this multicultural city. Qualified athletes will be able to progress to the 2024 AbbottWMM Wanda Age Group World Championships.
Registration and Categories
Registration is already open for the 2024 occasion. Partakers can sign up through the official Marathon Beneva de Montréal website. Various registration tiers are available, depending on the race category. Fees hinge on when partakers register. Early birds can take advantage of reduced prices. Those who register closer to race day may pay slightly more.
Partakers are split into different categories based on gender, age groups, and wheelchair athletes. This guarantees that runners of all abilities can partake and compete on a fair playing field. Top finishers in each category are proposed special incentives and prizes, involving awards and gifts from sponsors.
A Runner’s Paradise: The Course Overview
The Marathon Beneva de Montréal 2024 promises a route that showcases the best of the city. The 42.2-kilometer marathon route takes runners through lush parks, across picturesque bridges, and into vibrant central areas of the city.
Information on the Start Line
The location of the marathon is Île Ste-Hélène. It will kick off at 7:45 a.m. from Espace 67. Partakers will be informed of their start time several days before the occasion. The number of partakers per wave will correspond to the Public Health guidelines.
Details about the Finish Line
The Maisonneuve Park will be prepared as a welcome and celebration place for partakers. Presentation of medals, refreshments after races, therapeutic and medical assistance, and recovery zones will be guaranteed. This implies a welcoming environment for all partakers will be ensured.
Assistance Stations
Assistance stations will be established along the course to replenish the water balance of partakers and energize them. The operating conditions of the stations will correspond to the Public Health standards in force at the time of the occasion. Available stations will be depicted on the PDF course map.
The Legacy of the Marathon Beneva de Montréal
Formerly known as the Marathon Oasis de Montreal and Rock ‘n’ Roll Montreal Marathon, the Marathon Beneva de Montréal has transformed into a significant occasion that entices runners from all corners of the globe. The occasion is sponsored by Beneva (a leading Canadian insurance company).
The marathon has a legacy dating back over 40 years. It is renowned for its scenic route, warm crowd backing, and proficient organization. The Marathon Beneva de Montréal constantly positions itself as a premier race in the global sports arena.
Final Thoughts
Are you a proficient marathoner searching for your next challenge? Or are you a conventional runner excited to investigate a new city? Or maybe are you a spectator eager to experience the electric energy of race day? The Marathon Beneva de Montréal 2024 will propose something for everyone. The mixture of stunning cityscapes, complicated courses, and profound community involvement guarantees that this marathon will become a celebration of Montréal’s vibrant culture.